TABLE. Suicide deaths and rates* among persons aged ≥10 years, by county urbanization level,† sex, race/ethnicity, age group, and mechanism of death — United States, 2001–2015.
| Characteristic | 2001‒2003 |
2004‒2006 |
2007‒2009 |
2010‒2012 |
2013‒2015 |
Total |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deaths | Rates | Deaths | Rates | Deaths | Rates | Deaths | Rates | Deaths | Rates | Deaths | Rates | |
|
County urbanization level
| ||||||||||||
| Large metropolitan |
44,568 |
11.19 |
45,934 |
11.11 |
50,914 |
11.84 |
55,852 |
12.47 |
59,243 |
12.72 |
256,511
|
11.92
|
| Medium/small metropolitan |
28,936 |
13.39 |
31,095 |
13.82 |
33,892 |
14.48 |
37,539 |
15.54 |
41,583 |
16.77 |
173,045
|
14.86
|
| Nonmetropolitan/rural |
19,832 |
15.50 |
21,006 |
16.10 |
22,385 |
16.79 |
24,626 |
18.35 |
26,710 |
19.74 |
114,559
|
17.32
|
| Total |
93,336
|
12.54
|
98,035
|
12.72
|
107,191
|
13.41
|
118,017
|
14.29
|
127,536
|
14.98
|
544,115
|
13.64
|
|
Sex
| ||||||||||||
| Female | ||||||||||||
| Large metropolitan |
9,494 |
4.59 |
10,277 |
4.79 |
11,388 |
5.11 |
12,643 |
5.47 |
14,140 |
5.91 |
57,942
|
5.20
|
| Medium/small metropolitan |
5,626 |
5.09 |
6,455 |
5.63 |
7,159 |
6.02 |
8,084 |
6.58 |
9,411 |
7.51 |
36,735
|
6.20
|
| Nonmetropolitan/rural |
3,297 |
5.20 |
3,797 |
5.87 |
4,116 |
6.28 |
4,602 |
7.05 |
5,281 |
8.06 |
21,093
|
6.50
|
| Total |
18,417
|
4.82
|
20,529
|
5.19
|
22,663
|
5.54
|
25,329
|
6.02
|
28,832
|
6.68
|
115,770
|
5.68
|
| Male | ||||||||||||
| Large metropolitan |
35,074 |
18.69 |
35,657 |
18.20 |
39,526 |
19.30 |
43,209 |
20.19 |
45,103 |
20.20 |
198,569
|
19.38
|
| Medium/small metropolitan |
23,310 |
22.61 |
24,640 |
22.84 |
26,733 |
23.67 |
29,455 |
25.18 |
32,172 |
26.68 |
136,310
|
24.28
|
| Nonmetropolitan/rural |
16,535 |
26.47 |
17,209 |
26.84 |
18,269 |
27.68 |
20,024 |
29.90 |
21,429 |
31.62 |
93,466
|
28.54
|
| Total |
74,919
|
21.17
|
77,506
|
21.02
|
84,528
|
21.99
|
92,688
|
23.23
|
98,704
|
23.92
|
428,345
|
22.34
|
|
Race/Ethnicity
| ||||||||||||
| White (NH) | ||||||||||||
| Large metropolitan |
35,459 |
13.73 |
36,251 |
13.95 |
40,407 |
15.38 |
44,009 |
16.58 |
46,252 |
17.24 |
202,378
|
15.40
|
| Medium/small metropolitan |
25,425 |
15.21 |
27,057 |
15.87 |
29,373 |
16.91 |
32,570 |
18.53 |
35,808 |
20.24 |
150,233
|
17.37
|
| Nonmetropolitan/rural |
18,033 |
16.76 |
18,941 |
17.40 |
20,196 |
18.34 |
22,173 |
20.19 |
24,041 |
21.96 |
103,384
|
18.92
|
| Total |
78,917
|
14.79
|
82,249
|
15.23
|
89,976
|
16.44
|
98,752
|
17.89
|
106,101
|
19.11
|
455,995
|
16.71
|
| Black (NH) | ||||||||||||
| Large metropolitan |
3,750 |
6.49 |
3,712 |
6.17 |
3,819 |
6.11 |
4,240 |
6.50 |
4,491 |
6.56 |
20,012
|
6.36
|
| Medium/small metropolitan |
1,386 |
6.43 |
1,461 |
6.34 |
1,524 |
6.29 |
1,663 |
6.50 |
1,840 |
6.89 |
7,874
|
6.49
|
| Nonmetropolitan/rural |
578 |
5.48 |
656 |
6.18 |
660 |
5.93 |
677 |
6.12 |
695 |
6.07 |
3,266
|
5.94
|
| Total |
5,714
|
6.35
|
5,829
|
6.22
|
6,003
|
6.14
|
6,580
|
6.46
|
7,026
|
6.58
|
31,152
|
6.35
|
| American Indian/Alaska Native (NH) | ||||||||||||
| Large metropolitan |
189 |
10.63 |
178 |
9.52 |
189 |
10.03 |
211 |
11.27 |
273 |
14.00 |
1,040
|
11.17
|
| Medium/small metropolitan |
233 |
12.30 |
311 |
15.62 |
323 |
15.52 |
350 |
16.25 |
419 |
19.60 |
1,636
|
16.00
|
| Nonmetropolitan/rural |
505 |
20.31 |
643 |
24.84 |
655 |
24.70 |
762 |
28.23 |
792 |
29.07 |
3,357
|
25.47
|
| Total |
927
|
14.95
|
1,132
|
17.48
|
1,167
|
17.60
|
1,323
|
19.59
|
1,484
|
21.79
|
6,033
|
18.37
|
| Asian/Pacific Islander (NH) | ||||||||||||
| Large metropolitan |
1,415 |
6.06 |
1,695 |
6.33 |
1,979 |
6.58 |
2,275 |
6.72 |
2,537 |
6.70 |
9,901
|
6.48
|
| Medium/small metropolitan |
449 |
7.17 |
456 |
6.46 |
544 |
7.06 |
705 |
8.27 |
794 |
8.35 |
2,948
|
7.54
|
| Nonmetropolitan/rural |
109 |
8.25 |
108 |
7.48 |
142 |
9.00 |
170 |
9.56 |
183 |
9.35 |
712
|
8.78
|
| Total |
1,973
|
6.34
|
2,259
|
6.39
|
2,665
|
6.75
|
3,150
|
7.12
|
3,514
|
7.09
|
13,561
|
6.76
|
| Hispanic | ||||||||||||
| Large metropolitan |
3,755 |
6.37 |
4,098 |
6.08 |
4,520 |
6.19 |
5,117 |
6.27 |
5,690 |
6.37 |
23,180
|
6.25
|
| Medium/small metropolitan |
1,443 |
6.67 |
1,810 |
7.19 |
2,128 |
7.56 |
2,251 |
7.16 |
2,722 |
7.97 |
10,354
|
7.37
|
| Nonmetropolitan/rural |
607 |
9.20 |
658 |
8.45 |
732 |
8.85 |
844 |
9.28 |
999 |
10.21 |
3,840
|
9.26
|
| Total |
5,805
|
6.65
|
6,566
|
6.52
|
7,380
|
6.72
|
8,212
|
6.71
|
9,411
|
7.05
|
37,374
|
6.75
|
|
Age group (yrs)
| ||||||||||||
| 10‒14 | ||||||||||||
| Large metropolitan |
359 |
1.05 |
349 |
1.01 |
310 |
0.91 |
392 |
1.16 |
540 |
1.59 |
1,950
|
1.14
|
| Medium/small metropolitan |
245 |
1.33 |
260 |
1.40 |
206 |
1.13 |
280 |
1.53 |
419 |
2.29 |
1,410
|
1.53
|
| Nonmetropolitan/rural |
170 |
1.57 |
157 |
1.50 |
137 |
1.37 |
181 |
1.83 |
259 |
2.69 |
904
|
1.78
|
| Total |
774
|
1.22
|
766
|
1.20
|
653
|
1.05
|
853
|
1.37
|
1,218
|
1.97
|
4,264
|
1.36
|
| 15‒24 | ||||||||||||
| Large metropolitan |
5,524 |
8.73 |
5,809 |
8.78 |
5,848 |
8.53 |
6,713 |
9.63 |
7,079 |
10.12 |
30,973
|
9.17
|
| Medium/small metropolitan |
3,780 |
9.87 |
4,048 |
10.12 |
4,151 |
10.18 |
4,604 |
11.17 |
5,103 |
12.28 |
21,686
|
10.74
|
| Nonmetropolitan/rural |
2,620 |
12.57 |
2,818 |
13.35 |
2,776 |
13.36 |
2,945 |
14.37 |
3,224 |
15.82 |
14,383
|
13.88
|
| Total |
11,924
|
9.74
|
12,675
|
9.96
|
12,775
|
9.82
|
14,262
|
10.85
|
15,406
|
11.68
|
67,042
|
10.42
|
| 25‒34 | ||||||||||||
| Large metropolitan |
7,511 |
11.00 |
7,182 |
10.58 |
7,631 |
11.06 |
8,449 |
11.78 |
9,375 |
12.40 |
40,148
|
11.39
|
| Medium/small metropolitan |
4,623 |
14.15 |
4,796 |
14.49 |
5,142 |
14.96 |
5,870 |
16.39 |
6,517 |
17.53 |
26,948
|
15.57
|
| Nonmetropolitan/rural |
2,991 |
17.49 |
3,038 |
17.92 |
3,091 |
17.89 |
3,683 |
20.85 |
3,914 |
21.96 |
16,717
|
19.25
|
| Total |
15,125
|
12.81
|
15,016
|
12.73
|
15,864
|
13.15
|
18,002
|
14.38
|
19,806
|
15.17
|
83,813
|
13.69
|
| 35‒64 | ||||||||||||
| Large metropolitan |
23,952 |
13.29 |
25,617 |
13.53 |
29,625 |
15.07 |
31,912 |
15.78 |
32,252 |
15.62 |
143,358
|
14.71
|
| Medium/small metropolitan |
15,267 |
15.93 |
16,992 |
16.86 |
19,080 |
18.22 |
20,775 |
19.52 |
22,214 |
20.85 |
94,328
|
18.34
|
| Nonmetropolitan/rural |
10,161 |
17.60 |
11,110 |
18.59 |
12,213 |
19.97 |
13,323 |
21.86 |
13,929 |
23.43 |
60,736
|
20.31
|
| Total |
49,380
|
14.79
|
53,719
|
15.36
|
60,918
|
16.81
|
66,010
|
17.86
|
68,395
|
18.36
|
298,422
|
16.69
|
| ≥65 | ||||||||||||
| Large metropolitan |
7,222 |
13.76 |
6,977 |
12.92 |
7,500 |
13.16 |
8,386 |
13.62 |
9,997 |
14.49 |
40,082
|
13.63
|
| Medium/small metropolitan |
5,021 |
15.68 |
4,999 |
15.05 |
5,313 |
15.04 |
6,010 |
15.83 |
7,330 |
17.34 |
28,673
|
15.86
|
| Nonmetropolitan/rural |
3,890 |
17.55 |
3,883 |
17.04 |
4,168 |
17.43 |
4,494 |
17.78 |
5,384 |
19.66 |
21,819
|
17.95
|
| Total |
16,133
|
15.12
|
15,859
|
14.42
|
16,981
|
14.61
|
18,890
|
15.14
|
22,711
|
16.38
|
90,574
|
15.19
|
|
Mechanism of death
| ||||||||||||
| Firearms | ||||||||||||
| Large metropolitan |
21,468 |
5.43 |
20,671 |
5.03 |
22,638 |
5.27 |
24,886 |
5.55 |
26,220 |
5.60 |
115,883
|
5.39
|
| Medium/small metropolitan |
16,246 |
7.48 |
16,555 |
7.29 |
17,607 |
7.43 |
19,722 |
8.04 |
21,854 |
8.62 |
91,984
|
7.80
|
| Nonmetropolitan/rural |
13,014 |
9.99 |
13,272 |
9.92 |
13,930 |
10.15 |
15,236 |
10.98 |
16,248 |
11.53 |
71,700
|
10.53
|
| Total |
50,728
|
6.81
|
50,498
|
6.52
|
54,175
|
6.72
|
59,844
|
7.16
|
64,322
|
7.43
|
279,567
|
6.95
|
| Hanging/suffocation | ||||||||||||
| Large metropolitan |
10,187 |
2.53 |
11,448 |
2.76 |
13,383 |
3.13 |
15,140 |
3.43 |
16,731 |
3.66 |
66,889
|
3.12
|
| Medium/small metropolitan |
5,728 |
2.66 |
6,829 |
3.08 |
7,913 |
3.47 |
9,050 |
3.88 |
10,455 |
4.41 |
39,975
|
3.52
|
| Nonmetropolitan/rural |
3,255 |
2.67 |
3,698 |
3.02 |
4,342 |
3.54 |
5,192 |
4.22 |
5,961 |
4.86 |
22,448
|
3.66
|
| Total |
19,170
|
2.58
|
21,975
|
2.88
|
25,638
|
3.28
|
29,382
|
3.66
|
33,147
|
4.04
|
129,312
|
3.31
|
| Drug poisoning | ||||||||||||
| Large metropolitan |
5,956 |
1.48 |
6,602 |
1.58 |
7,710 |
1.77 |
8,373 |
1.84 |
8,216 |
1.74 |
36,857
|
1.70
|
| Medium/small metropolitan |
3,492 |
1.63 |
4,138 |
1.85 |
4,692 |
2.01 |
5,040 |
2.07 |
5,125 |
2.05 |
22,487
|
1.94
|
| Nonmetropolitan/rural |
1,843 |
1.49 |
2,242 |
1.77 |
2,383 |
1.82 |
2,566 |
1.93 |
2,637 |
1.96 |
11,671
|
1.80
|
| Total |
11,291
|
1.52
|
12,982
|
1.68
|
14,785
|
1.84
|
15,979
|
1.91
|
15,978
|
1.85
|
71,015
|
1.77
|
| Nondrug poisoning | ||||||||||||
| Large metropolitan |
2,327 |
0.58 |
2,315 |
0.56 |
2,115 |
0.49 |
1,900 |
0.42 |
2,105 |
0.45 |
10,762
|
0.50
|
| Medium/small metropolitan |
1,593 |
0.74 |
1,522 |
0.68 |
1,471 |
0.63 |
1,308 |
0.54 |
1,397 |
0.57 |
7,291
|
0.63
|
| Nonmetropolitan/rural |
868 |
0.69 |
781 |
0.60 |
763 |
0.57 |
608 |
0.44 |
667 |
0.49 |
3,687
|
0.56
|
| Total |
4,788
|
0.64
|
4,618
|
0.60
|
4,349
|
0.54
|
3,816
|
0.46
|
4,169
|
0.49
|
21,740
|
0.55
|
| Other | ||||||||||||
| Large metropolitan |
4,630 |
1.16 |
4,898 |
1.18 |
5,068 |
1.17 |
5,553 |
1.24 |
5,971 |
1.28 |
26,120
|
1.21
|
| Medium/small metropolitan |
1,877 |
0.87 |
2,051 |
0.91 |
2,209 |
0.94 |
2,419 |
1.00 |
2,752 |
1.12 |
11,308
|
0.97
|
| Nonmetropolitan/rural |
852 |
0.67 |
1,013 |
0.78 |
967 |
0.72 |
1,024 |
0.77 |
1,197 |
0.90 |
5,053
|
0.77
|
| Total | 7,359 | 0.99 | 7,962 | 1.03 | 8,244 | 1.03 | 8,996 | 1.09 | 9,920 | 1.17 | 42,481 | 1.07 |
Abbreviation: NH = non-Hispanic.
* Rates are age adjusted using the 2000 U.S. standard population, except for the age-specific crude rates. All rates are per 100,000 population.
† By 2006 urbanization classification (https://wonder.cdc.gov/controller/saved/D132/D9F611). Subnational population figures for regions, divisions, states, and counties for 1999 are from the 1990‒1999 series of bridged-race intercensal estimates of the July 1 resident population. Those for 2000 and 2010 are bridged-race April 1 census counts. Those for 2001‒2009 are from the revised 2000‒2009 series of bridged-race intercensal estimates of the July 1 population. Those for 2011‒2015 are bridged-race postcensal estimates of the July 1 resident population from the Vintage 2015 series released by the National Center for Health Statistics on June 28, 2016.