Table 1. Demographic characteristics by BMI groups at baseline (Medians and interquartile ranges (IQR), numbers and percentages).
| Variables | Total (n 217) | BMI 18.0–24.9 kg/m2 (n 139) | BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (n 78) | P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
| Age (years) | 0.005* | ||||||
| Median | 33 | 31 | 35 | ||||
| IQR | 28–39 | 28–38 | 30–43 | ||||
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 54 | 24.9 | 44 | 31.7 | 10 | 12.8 | 0.002* |
| Female | 163 | 75.1 | 95 | 68.3 | 68 | 87.2 | |
| Marital status | |||||||
| Single | 124 | 59.0 | 86 | 65.2 | 38 | 48.7 | 0.010* |
| Married | 24 | 11.4 | 9 | 6.8 | 15 | 19.2 | |
| Other | 62 | 29.5 | 37 | 28.0 | 25 | 32.1 | |
| Education | |||||||
| None | 13 | 6.2 | 9 | 6.8 | 4 | 5.1 | 0.984 |
| Primary | 83 | 39.5 | 52 | 39.4 | 31 | 39.7 | |
| Secondary | 95 | 45.2 | 59 | 44.7 | 36 | 46.2 | |
| Tertiary | 19 | 90 | 12 | 9.1 | 7 | 90 | |
| Monthly income† | |||||||
| None | 48 | 22.9 | 17 | 21.8 | 31 | 23.5 | 0.804 |
| <300–600 pula | 61 | 29.0 | 23 | 29.5 | 38 | 28.8 | |
| 601–1000 pula | 51 | 24.3 | 18 | 23.1 | 33 | 25.0 | |
| 1001–6000 pula | 43 | 20.5 | 16 | 20.5 | 27 | 20.5 | |
| >6000 pula | 6 | 2.9 | 4 | 5.1 | 2 | 1.5 | |
| Unsure | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.8 | |
| Children | <0.001* | ||||||
| Yes | 180 | 85.7 | 107 | 81.1 | 73 | 93.6 | |
| No | 30 | 14.3 | 25 | 18.9 | 5 | 6.4 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.012* | ||||||
| Median | 22.8 | 21.2 | 28.5 | ||||
| IQR | 20.7–27.2 | 19.9–22.6 | 26.6–30.1 | ||||
| CD4 cell count (cells/μl) | 0.908 | ||||||
| Median | 411.3 | 415.9 | 401.2 | ||||
| IQR | 326.3–546.7 | 324.7–548.9 | 331.2–545.2 | ||||
| CD8 cell count (cells/μl) | 0.251 | ||||||
| Median | 838.6 | 804.1 | 891.3 | ||||
| IQR | 617.5–1194.9 | 588.8–1229.0 | 669.0–1177.8 | ||||
| CD4:CD8 ratio | 0.375 | ||||||
| Median | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | ||||
| IQR | 0.3–0.7 | 0.4–0.7 | 0.3–0.7 | ||||
| HIV viral load (log copies/ml) | 0.525 | ||||||
| Median | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.2 | ||||
| IQR | 3.5–4.8 | 3.6–4.8 | 3.3–4.8 | ||||
| Total energy intake (kJ) | 0.749 | ||||||
| Median | 6305.7 | 6260.9 | 6560.5 | ||||
| IQR | 4926.7–7958 | 4931.3–8088.5 | 4918.7–7910.7 | ||||
| Total energy intake (kcal) | 0.749 | ||||||
| Median | 1507.1 | 1496-4 | 15680 | ||||
| IQR | 1177.5–1902 | 1178.6–1933.2 | 1175.6–1890.7 | ||||
| Fat mass (%) | <0001* | ||||||
| Median | 29.0 | 25.1 | 34.9 | ||||
| IQR | 23.9–33.9 | 19.9–29.3 | 32.5–37.9 | ||||
| Sports or physical activity | |||||||
| Yes | 168 | 800 | 109 | 80.1 | 59 | 79.7 | 0.942 |
| No | 42 | 200 | 27 | 19.9 | 15 | 20.3 | |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | <0.001* | ||||||
| Median | 3.7 | 3.5 | 4.0 | ||||
| IQR | 3.0–4.3 | 2.9–4.0 | 3.5–4.7 | ||||
| TAG (mmol/l) | <0.001* | ||||||
| Median | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | ||||
| IQR | 0.6–1.0 | 0.5–0.9 | 0.6–1.2 | ||||
| HDL (mmol/l) | 0.301 | ||||||
| Median | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | ||||
| IQR | 0.9–1.3 | 0.9–1.4 | 0.9–1.2 | ||||
| LDL (mmol/l) | 0.043* | ||||||
| Median | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.6 | ||||
| IQR | 2.0–2.9 | 1.8–2.7 | 2.2–3.0 | ||||
| Glucose (mmol/l) | 0.002* | ||||||
| Median | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.6 | ||||
| IQR | 4.3–4.8 | 4.2–4.7 | 4.4–-5.1 | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | <0.001* | ||||||
| Median | 119 | 114 | 122 | ||||
| IQR | 110–130 | 108–128 | 111–139 | ||||
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | <0.001* | ||||||
| Median | 76 | 72 | 80 | ||||
| IQR | 69–82 | 65–80 | 70–88 | ||||
CD4, cluster of differentiation 4; CD8, cluster of differentiation 8.
*
Statistically significant (P< 0.05).
†
The currency in Botswana is pula and 1 pula was equivalent to about $0.15–0.22 USD at the time the study was conducted.