Table 3.
Changes in patients’ beliefs and knowledge about antibiotics and infections.
| Questionnaire item | Baseline | Endpoint | Overall P value | |||||
| Control, n (%) | Intervention, n (%) | P value | Control, n (%) | Intervention, n (%) | P value | |||
| Do you think antibiotics should generally be used for common cold? | ||||||||
| Yes or Not clear | 189 (71.9) | 192 (71.4) | .90 | 182 (71.7) | 156 (59.5) | .004 | .004 | |
| No | 74 (27.2) | 77 (28.6) | 72 (28.3) | 106 (40.5) | ||||
| Do you think antibiotics should be generally used for sore throat? | ||||||||
| Yes or Not clear | 223 (84.8) | 229 (85.1) | .91 | 213 (83.9) | 204 (77.9) | .08 | .03 | |
| No | 40 (15.2) | 40 (14.9) | 41 (16.1) | 58 (22.1) | ||||
| Do you think antibiotics should generally be used for fever? | ||||||||
| Yes or Not clear | 184 (70.0) | 188 (69.9) | .96 | 171 (67.3) | 148 (56.5) | .01 | .001 | |
| No | 79 (30.0) | 81 (30.1) | 83 (32.7) | 114 (43.5) | ||||
| Do you think antibiotics should generally be used for rhinorrhea? | ||||||||
| Yes or Not clear | 187 (71.1) | 192 (71.4) | .95 | 181 (71.3) | 157 (59.9) | .01 | .005 | |
| No | 76 (28.9) | 77 (28.6) | 73 (28.7) | 105 (40.1) | ||||
| Do you think antibiotics should generally be used for indigestion? | ||||||||
| Yes or Not clear | 175 (66.5) | 172 (63.9) | .53 | 153 (60.2) | 98 (37.4) | <.001 | <.001 | |
| No | 88 (33.5) | 97 (36.1) | 101 (39.8) | 164 (62.6) | ||||
| Do you think antibiotics should generally be used for acute gastroenteritis? | ||||||||
| Yes or Not clear | 231 (87.8) | 238 (88.5) | .82 | 221 (87.0) | 210 (80.2) | .04 | .008 | |
| No | 32 (12.2) | 31 (11.5) | 33 (13.0) | 52 (19.8) | ||||
| Do you think antibiotics should generally be used for diarrhea? | ||||||||
| Yes or Not clear | 166 (63.1) | 172 (63.9) | .84 | 158 (62.2) | 130 (49.6) | .004 | .001 | |
| No | 97 (36.9) | 97 (36.1) | 96 (37.8) | 132 (50.4) | ||||
| Can you name any specific side effects of antibiotics use? | ||||||||
| Yes | 92 (35.0) | 96 (35.7) | .87 | 91 (35.8) | 193 (73.7) | .001 | <.001 | |
| No or Not clear | 171 (65.0) | 173 (64.3) | 163 (64.2) | 69 (26.3) | ||||
| Can you name any specific measures for preventing or managing RTIsa? | ||||||||
| Yes | 80 (40.0) | 81 (39.1) | .86 | 88 (42.5) | 140 (66.7) | <.001 | <.001 | |
| No or Not clear | 119 (60.0) | 126 (60.9) | 119 (57.5) | 70 (33.3) | ||||
| Can you name any specific measures for preventing or managing GTIsb? | ||||||||
| Yes | 30 (47.6) | 29 (46.8) | .93 | 22 (46.8) | 36 (69.2) | .02 | .02 | |
| No or Not clear | 33 (52.4) | 33 (53.2) | 25 (53.2) | 16 (30.8) | ||||
aRTIs: respiratory tract infections.
bGTIs: gastrointestinal tract infections.