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. 2018 Jan 24;12(3):322–338. doi: 10.1002/1878-0261.12165

Figure 5.

Figure 5

HBx induces autophagy in an HMGB1‐dependent manner. (A) The expression of the indicated proteins and LC3 puncta was detected in cells (Huh7, L02, and HepG2) transfected with HMGB1 shRNA or Ctrl shRNA by immunoblot and immunofluorescence, respectively. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, n = 3. Ultrastructural features in the indicated cells were observed by electron microscopy. (B) Immunoblot detection of the indicated proteins in cells treated with HMGB1 shRNA and Ctrl shRNA and transfected with HBx under basal conditions and in response to starvation. LC3 puncta formation was assayed by immunofluorescence under basal conditions, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, n = 3. (C) Western blot analysis of the indicated proteins in cells (L02 and Huh7) treated with HMGB1 shRNA and transfected with HBx or empty vector for 48 h. LC3 puncta formation was assayed by immunofluorescence. *P < 0.05, n = 3. (D) The indicated proteins were analyzed by immunoblot in L02 cells transfected with WT HBx (3 μg) and an HBx mutant with deletion of the E domain (3 μg).