Figure 6.

Effects of rogue RyRs on Ca²⁺ sparks as [Ca²⁺]_lumen varies. (a) Computational line-scan Ca²⁺ release events (20 µm × 2 s) with effects of rogue RyRs when [Ca²⁺]_lumen = 1.0 mM, 0.6 mM and 0.2 mM. Ca²⁺ sparks are marked by white ovals. (b) Computational line-scan Ca²⁺ release events without effects of rogue RyRs under the same conditions as (a). (c) Sensitivity analysis on the firing frequency of Ca²⁺ sparks as a function of the number of rogue RyRs in a JSR at various [Ca²⁺]_lumen determined by Monte Carlo simulations (n = 10).