Table 4. Factors associated with general obesity in different models (A-OR = Adjusted Odd Ratios).
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Non-CKD | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
| CKD Stage 1 | 1.29 | (0.80 to 2.07) | 1.24 | (0.73 to 2.09) | 1.48 | (0.85 to 2.61) | 1.02 | (0.55 to 1.90) | 0.70 | (0.34to 1.43) |
| CKD Stage 2 | 2.47 | (1.79 to 3.40) | 2.14 | (1.53 to 2.99) | 2.12 | (1.50 to 3.00) | 1.63 | (1.14 to 2.34) | 0.99 | (0.66 to 1.47) |
| CKD Stage 3a | 1.64 | (1.43 to 1.90) | 1.48 | (1.28 to 1.71) | 1.45 | (1.24 to 1.69) | 1.21 | (1.02 to 1.42) | 1.30 | (1.09 to 1.55) |
| CKD Stage 3b | 1.77 | (1.28 to 2.45) | 1.66 | (1.17 to 2.36) | 1.76 | (1.21 to 2.55) | 1.60 | (1.07 to 2.38) | 1.91 | (1.24 to 2.94) |
| CKD Stage 4/5 | 1.29 | (0.71 to 2.35) | 1.32 | (0.69 to 2.52) | 1.57 | (0.79 to 3.14) | 1.01 | (0.47 to 2.15) | 1.05 | (0.43 to 2.55) |
| Age, per 10-y older | 1.04 | (1.01 to 1.06) | 1.02 | (0.99 to 1.04) | 0.89 | (0.87 to 0.92) | 0.84 | (0.81 to 0.87) | ||
| Male, sex | 1.50 | (1.42 to 1.59) | 1.48 | (1.38 to 1.60) | 1.33 | (1.23 to 1.43) | 0.68 | (0.62 to 0.76) | ||
| Elementary to middle school | 1.26 | (1.17 to 1.36) | 1.21 | (1.12 to 1.32) | 1.16 | (1.06 to 1.26) | 1.13 | (1.03 to 1.24) | ||
| Residential area, rural | 1.05 | (0.97 to 1.13) | 1.04 | (0.95 to 1.13) | 1.07 | (0.98 to 1.16) | 1.07 | (0.98 to 1.17) | ||
| Living without spouse | 0.81 | (0.75 to 0.87) | 0.79 | (0.73 to 0.85) | 0.74 | (0.69 to 0.80) | 0.82 | (0.76 to 0.89) | ||
| Currently Unemployed | 0.86 | (0.81 to 0.92) | 0.82 | (0.77 to 0.88) | 0.81 | (0.76 to 0.87) | 0.84 | (0.78 to 0.91) | ||
| Health-related Factors | ||||||||||
| Sleep Duration (hr.) | 0.97 | (0.94 to 0.99) | 0.96 | (0.94 to 0.99) | 0.95 | (0.93 to 0.97) | ||||
| Current smoking | 1.00 | (0.92 to 1.08) | 1.02 | (0.94 to 1.10) | 0.88 | (0.81 to 0.96) | ||||
| Alcohol drinking | 0.98 | (0.92 to 1.05) | 0.92 | (0.86 to 0.98) | 1.05 | (0.98 to 1.13) | ||||
| Perceived health status | ||||||||||
| Very good/Good | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||||
| Fair | 1.13 | (1.06 to 1.20) | 1.07 | (1.00 to 1.14) | 1.00 | (0.93 to1.08) | ||||
| Poor/Very poor | 1.19 | (1.08 to 1.31) | 1.04 | (0.94 to 1.15) | 1.01 | (0.91 to 1.12) | ||||
| EQ-5D | 0.45 | (0.33 to 0.60) | 0.40 | (0.30 to 0.55) | 0.40 | (0.29 to 0.55) | ||||
| Depressive Symptom (Yes) | 0.92 | (0.84 to 1.02) | 0.94 | (0.85 to 1.04) | 0.94 | (0.84 to 1.05) | ||||
| Perceived psychological stress | 1.15 | (1.07 to 1.24) | 1.13 | (1.05 to 1.22) | 1.11 | (1.02 to 1.20) | ||||
| Suicidal ideation | 0.90 | (0.82 to 0.99) | 0.90 | (0.81 to 0.99) | 0.89 | (0.80 to 0.99) | ||||
| Comorbidity | ||||||||||
| Cancer | 0.85 | (0.70 to 1.03) | 0.90 | (0.74 to 1.10) | ||||||
| Ischemic heart disease | 1.00 | (0.81 to 1.24) | 1.34 | (1.08 to 1.65) | ||||||
| Stroke | 0.94 | (0.76 to 1.17) | 1.11 | (0.89 to 1.39) | ||||||
| Hypertension | 2.59 | (2.40 to 2.79) | 1.66 | (1.51 to 1.83) | ||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.61 | (1.46 to 1.78) | 1.08 | (0.93 to 1.25) | ||||||
| Anemia | 0.63 | (0.56 to 0.71) | 1.15 | (1.00 to 1.34) | ||||||
| COPD or Asthma | 0.98 | (0.82 to 1.17) | 1.09 | (0.90 to 1.32) | ||||||
| Examination/Lab Tests | ||||||||||
| SBP, per 10 mmHg | 1.05 | (1.02 to 1.09) | ||||||||
| DBP, per 10 mmHg | 1.27 | (1.21 to 1.34) | ||||||||
| Total cholesterol, per 10 mg/dL | 1.10 | (1.08 to 1.11) | ||||||||
| HDL-C, per 10 mg/dL | 0.63 | (0.61 to 0.65) | ||||||||
| Triglycerides, per 10 mg/dL | 1.00 | (1.00 to 1.01) | ||||||||
| Hemoglobin per 1g/dL | 1.17 | (1.13 to 1.22) | ||||||||
| Fasting blood sugar, per 10 mg/dL | 1.08 | (1.06 to 1.11) | ||||||||
Note: 1) Model 1 was unadjusted; Model 2 was adjusted for the variables in Model 1 and sociodemographic factors (age, sex, education, residence, living with a spouse, and currently unemployed); Model 3 was adjusted for the variables in Model 2 and health-related characteristics (sleep duration, smoking, alcohol drinking, perceived health status, EQ-5D, depressive symptoms, perceived psychological stress, and suicidal ideation); Model 4 was adjusted for the variables in Model 3 and comorbidities (cancer, ischemic heart disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, anemia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma); Model 5 was adjusted for the variables in Model 4 and laboratory measurements (SBP, DBP, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, hemoglobin, and fasting blood sugar); 2) EuroQoL: visual analogue scale and level were examined only in 2010–2012; Fe levels were measured only in 2008–2012 and were therefore omitted from adjustments.