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. 2018 Jan 22;2(3):313–328. doi: 10.1002/hep4.1139

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© 2018 The Authors. Hepatology Communications published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., on behalf of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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PQQ reverses WD‐induced up‐regulation of profibrotic genes in mouse liver. mRNA expression of genes important for (A) modification of the extracellular matrix, (B) profibrotic signaling, (C) induction of proinflammatory and oxidative stress‐related signaling pathways, and (D) infiltration of activated proinflammatory macrophages was measured in livers of adult male offspring. Endogenous normalization was to 18S rRNA (A‐C) or Hprt1 (D). Data are mean ± SEM; n = 5‐6/group. Mann‐Whitney U test was used to compare groups pairwise. *P < 0.05 compared with WD, ^# P < 0.05 compared with WDPQQ. CH, WD, and WDPQQ represent both maternal and offspring diets. Abbreviations: ECM, extracellular matrix; mRNA, messenger RNA; rRNA, ribosomal RNA.