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. 2018 Jan 22;2(3):313–328. doi: 10.1002/hep4.1139

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© 2018 The Authors. Hepatology Communications published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., on behalf of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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PQQ attenuates recruitment of inflammatory macrophages and LPS‐induced activation of BMDMs. (A) Percent abundance of FACS‐sorted hepatic macrophage populations obtained from CH, WD, and WDPQQ‐fed offspring at 12 weeks. (B) mRNA expression levels of proinflammatory and profibrotic genes in liver. Endogenous normalization was to 18S rRNA and Gapdh. (C) mRNA expression levels of proinflammatory and profibrotic genes in BMDMs stimulated with or without LPS for 24 hours. Endogenous normalization was to 18S rRNA and Gapdh. Data are mean ± SEM, n = 4/group. Mann‐Whitney U test was used to compare groups pairwise. ***P < 0.001 compared with WD. Abbreviations: FACS, fluorescence‐activated cell sorting; mRNA, messenger RNA; n.s., not significant; rRNA, ribosomal RNA.