Table 3.
Detection of ZIKV RNA in Body Fluids and Anti–ZIKV IgM Antibody in Serum, According to the Number of Days after Symptom Onset.*
| Positivity and Days after Symptom Onset | ZIKV RNA† | Anti–ZIKV IgM Antibody‡ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||
| Serum | Urine | Saliva | Vaginal Secretions | Semen | Serum | |
| number/total number (percent) | ||||||
|
Participant analyses
| ||||||
| Any interval after symptom onset | 128/146 (87.7) | 90/145 (62.1) | 13/143 (9.1) | 1/49 (2.0) | 31/55 (56.4) | 137/139 (98.6) |
|
| ||||||
| 0–7 days | 118/134 (88.1) | 77/129 (59.7) | 3/6 (50.0) | 1/1 (100) | 0/1 | 17/50 (34.0) |
|
| ||||||
| 8–15 days | 10/28 (35.7) | 12/29 (41.4) | 1/25 (4.0) | 0/6 | 5/8 (62.5) | 28/28 (100) |
|
| ||||||
| 16–30 days | 27/129 (20.9) | 21/125 (16.8) | 5/127 (3.9) | 0/39 | 20/40 (50.0) | 120/121 (99.2) |
|
| ||||||
| 31–45 days | 14/126 (11.1) | 6/119 (5.0) | 4/125 (3.2) | 0/42 | 20/46 (43.5) | 108/111 (97.3) |
|
| ||||||
| 46–60 days | 6/67 (9.0) | 1/65 (1.5) | 1/64 (1.6) | 0/21 | 6/25 (24.0) | 58/60 (96.7) |
|
| ||||||
| >60 days | 3/79 (3.8) | 0/71 | 1/80 (1.3) | 0/30 | 3/23 (13.0) | 52/60 (86.7) |
|
| ||||||
|
Specimen analyses
| ||||||
| Any interval after symptom onset | 190/805 (23.6) | 120/750 (16.0) | 17/647 (2.6) | 1/219 (0.5) | 76/216 (35.2) | 563/622 (90.5) |
|
| ||||||
| 0–7 days | 119/135 (88.2) | 77/129 (59.7) | 4/7 (57.1) | 1/1 (100) | 0/1 | 17/50 (34.0) |
|
| ||||||
| 8–15 days | 10/28 (35.7) | 12/29 (41.4) | 1/25 (4.0) | 0/6 | 5/8 (62.5) | 28/28 (100) |
|
| ||||||
| 16–30 days | 34/227 (15.0) | 24/214 (11.2) | 6/216 (2.8) | 0/66 | 29/65 (44.6) | 205/207 (99.0) |
|
| ||||||
| 31–45 days | 16/211 (7.6) | 6/197 (3.0) | 4/203 (2.0) | 0/73 | 29/76 (38.2) | 176/180 (97.8) |
|
| ||||||
| 46–60 days | 7/79 (8.9) | 1/77 (1.3) | 1/75 (1.3) | 0/30 | 6/28 (21.4) | 69/71 (97.2) |
|
| ||||||
| >60 days | 4/125 (3.2) | 0/104 | 1/121 (0.8) | 0/43 | 7/38 (18.4) | 68/86 (79.1) |
The number of participants and specimens that were evaluated at each interval after the onset of symptoms varies because participants were enrolled as they presented for surveillance or tested positive as household contacts. Data for the four household contacts who were asymptomatic at the time of enrollment were excluded from this analysis, since there was no known date of symptom onset. For these participants, the maximum duration of detection after enrollment was 65 days for serum and 15 days for urine; none of these participants contributed semen.
Among the participants who had positive results for ZIKV RNA at the last study visit and are still being followed are 20 participants with ongoing serum analysis (maximum duration at last analysis, 80 days after symptom onset); 10 participants with ongoing urine analysis (maximum duration, 50 days after symptom onset); and 11 participants with ongoing semen analysis (maximum duration, 125 days after symptom onset).
Three participants who had negative results on testing for IgM antibody are still being followed, since the last visit for each occurred at 4, 7, and 30 days after symptom onset.