Figure 6.

Selected results from hemostasis-relevant studies carried out with PolyP-coated silica particle systems (6A and 6B) and thrombin-loaded CaCO₃-based particles mixed in TXA-NH3⁺ that can self-propel themselves into wound depth (6C, 6D and 6E). 6A demonstrates that PolyP loaded in silica nanoparticles (PolyP-SNP) accelerates thrombin generation compared to SNP alone while 6B demonstrates that PolyP delivered via SNP particles (PO₃ in SNP) reduces clotting time of blood (i.e. speeds up coagulation) compared to PolyP in solution; 6C shows representative fluorescence and scanning electron micrograph images of CaCO₃ particles along with a schematic of experimental set-up to administer thrombin-loaded ‘self-propelled’ particles in TXA-NH₃⁺ medium to a liver puncture site; 6D shows presence of green fluorescent particles deep within the liver injury site in mice; 6E demonstrates that liver injury site-localized delivery of thrombin-loaded ‘self-propelled’ CaCO3 particles in TXANH3+ results in significant reduction of blood loss, compared to non-propelled thrombin delivery or control treatment. Figure components adapted and reproduced with permission.^[355,356] Copyright 2015, John Wiley & Sons Inc. and 2015, AAAS Science Advances CC-BY NC.