Table 3.
Estimated associations of IQR increases in annual average air pollution and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
| Unadjusted Model | Model 1a | Model 2b | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air pollutants | β (95% CI) | p-value | β (95% CI) | p-value | β (95% CI) | p-value |
| PM10 (μg/m3) | −3.10 (− 3.47, − 2.73) | < 0.0001 | − 0.58 (− 1.00, − 0.17) | 0.0054 | − 0.46 (− 0.87, − 0.04) | 0.0314 |
| NO2 (ppb) | − 0.78 (− 1.16, − 0.41) | 0.0010 | − 0.93 (− 1.47, − 0.39) | 0.0008 | −0.85 (− 1.40, − 0.30) | 0.0026 |
| SO2 (ppb) | −1.58 (− 1.78, − 1.38) | < 0.0001 | 0.14 (− 0.07, 0.34) | 0.1903 | 0.17 (− 0.03, 0.38) | 0.1015 |
| CO (ppm) | −2.25 (− 2.48, − 2.01) | < 0.0001 | −0.02 (− 0.27, 0.22) | 0.8568 | 0.03 (− 0.21, 0.28) | 0.7878 |
CI, confidence interval, PM10 particulate matter < 10 μm in diameter, NO2 nitrogen dioxide, SO2 sulfur dioxide, CO carbon monoxide
The beta coefficient and 95% confidence interval in each air pollutant was scaled to the interquartile range for each pollutant, respectively (10 μg/m3 for PM10, 12 ppb for NO2, 1 ppb for SO2, and 0.1 ppm for CO)
aModel 1 was adjusted for demographic variables including age, sex, household income quartile, education level, smoking, alcohol consumption, high protein intake, survey year, and residential region
bModel 2 was adjusted for demographic variables plus clinical variables including body mass index, total cholesterol, fasting glucose, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, and hypertension