Table 5.
Fiscal rules targeting public health care expenditure between 1985 and 2014
| Country | Expenditure Rule (ER) | Balanced Budget Rule (BBR) National | Balanced Budget Rule (BBR) Supranational | Balanced Budget Rule (BBR) Both |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | 1985–1988 2009–2014 |
1985–1988 1998–2014 |
– | – |
| Austriaa | 2013-2014 | – | 1995-1998 | 1999–2014 |
| Belgium | 1993–1998 | – | 1992–2014 | – |
| Canada | 1998–2005 | 1998–2005 | – | – |
| Chile | – | 2001–2014 | – | – |
| Czech Republic | – | – | 2004–2014 | – |
| Denmark | 1994–2014 | – | – | 1992–2014 |
| Estonia | – | 1993–2003 | – | 2004–2014 |
| Finland | 2003–2014 | – | 1995–1998 | 1999–2014 |
| France | 1998–2014 | – | 1992–2012 | 2013–2014 |
| Germany | 1985–2014 | 1985–1991 | – | 1992–2014 |
| Greece | 2010–2014 | – | 1992–2014 | – |
| Hungary | 2010–2011 | – | 2012–2014 | 2004–2011 |
| Iceland | 2004–2008 | – | – | – |
| Ireland | – | – | 1992–2014 | – |
| Israel | 2005–2014 | 1992–2014 | – | – |
| Italy | – | – | 1992–2013 | 2014 |
| Japan | 2006–2008 2010–2014 |
1985–2014 | – | – |
| Luxembourg | 1990–2014 | – | 1992–2014 | – |
| Mexico | – | 2006–2014 | – | – |
| Netherlands | 1994–2014 | – | 1992–2013 | 2014 |
| New Zealand | – | 1994–2014 | – | – |
| Norway | – | 2001–2014 | – | – |
| Poland | 2011–2014 | – | 2004–20052008–2014 | 2006–2007 |
| Portugal | – | – | 1992–2014 | – |
| Slovak Republic | – | – | 2004–2014 | – |
| Slovenia | – | – | 2004–2014 | – |
| Spain | 2011–2014 | – | 1992–2002 | 2003–2014 |
| Sweden | 1997–2014 | – | 1995–1999 | 2000–2014 |
| Switzerlandb | – | – | – | – |
| United Kingdom | – | – | 1992–1996 | 1997–2014 |
| United Statesc | 2011–2014 | – | – | – |
aModification of the original dataset; Austria introduced a budget cap in 2013, see [37]
bModification of the original dataset; the Swiss fiscal rules (introduced in 2003) cover only the relatively small federal budget and excludes health care expenditure, see [38]
cModification of the original dataset; the 1985 and 1990 ER did not target Medicare or Medicaid spending. The 2011 ER did target Medicare spendingSource: IMF 2015