Table 9.
The association between public healthcare spending as percentage of GDP (column 1) and various sensitivity checks (columns 2–4)
| Outcome | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Public healthcare spending as % of GDP | Log public healthcare spending | |||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
| FR | −0.40*** | −0.03* | −0.03* | |
| (0.07) | (0.01) | (0.01) | ||
| Level of DR | ||||
| National | −0.03 | |||
| (0.02) | ||||
| Supranational | −0.07*** | |||
| (0.02) | ||||
| both | −0.07** | |||
| (0.02) | ||||
| Log population | −0.48 | − 0.08 | 0.15 | |
| (0.61) | (0.15) | (0.12) | ||
| Log debt | −0.17* | −0.03* | − 0.05*** | |
| (0.08) | (0.01) | (0.01) | ||
| Log GDP | 0.83*** | 0.77*** | 0.81*** | |
| (0.06) | (0.05) | (0.06) | ||
| Ratio of population 65 and above | 0.00 | |||
| (0.00) | ||||
| Deficit ratio | −0.01*** | |||
| (0.00) | ||||
| IMF bailout | − 0.09 | −0.04 | − 0.02 | −0.06** |
| (0.12) | (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.02) | |
| Constant | 16.41 | −10.53*** | −9.83*** | −14.35*** |
| (10.47) | (2.06) | (1.44) | (1.89) | |
| Country FE | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Year FE | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| N | 717 | 717 | 735 | 631 |
This table presents a series of robustness checks we performed by using similar measures to replace our main model. Column 1 changes the outcome variable from inflation and PPP adjusted public healthcare spending to such spending as a percentage of total GDP. Column 2 replaces the primary variable of interest from general FR to DR. Columns 3 and 4 replaces population and debt with ratio of population 65 and above and deficit ratio
Standard errors in parentheses *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001