Table 2.

The association between biomarkers and PTS

Author/year (ref.)	Biomarker (s)	Measurement Method	Relationship to AC	Association with poor outcomes	Comments
Acute phase (up to one month post event)
Lyle 2012 (18)	FVIII	One-stage clotting assay	On AC	FVIII 226 IU per dL in 4/8 (50%) in PTS+ vs 208 in 15/27 (55%) in PTS -; p=0.55	Adjustments via multivariate analysis were deemed not necessary for FVIII as only one variable (lupus anticoagulant) in this study met the criterion for which P < 0.1 in univariate logistic regression model a priori
				Univariate OR 1.00 (0.99–1.02), p=0.78
	D-dimer	Quantitative or semiquantitative immunoturbidemtric assay or fluorescence immunoassay	On AC	D-dimer >500 ng per milliliter in 6/6 (100%) in PTS+ vs. 14/20 (70%) in PTS-; p=0.78	Adjustments via multivariate analysis were deemed not necessary for D-dimer as only one variable (lupus anticoagulant) in this study met the criterion for which P < 0.1 in univariate logistic regression model a priori
				Univariate OR 2.14 (0.2–22.5);p=0.53
	Lupus anticoagulant	By dRVVT	On AC	Positive dRVVT in 6/7 (86%) in PTS+ vs. 5/19 (26%) in PTS-; p=0.02	Adjustments via multivariate analysis were deemed not necessary as lupus anticoagulant was the only variable in this study which met the criterion of P < 0.1 in univariate logistic regression model determined a priori
				Univariate OR 16.8, 95% CI 1.60–176.2)
Late chronic phase (>6 - <12 months post event)
Kreuz 2006 (17)	FVIII: Ag	ELISA	Off AC	OR 1.0; CI 0.99–1.01	Association with ‘transient PTS’ diagnosed within 12 months of event
	FVIII: C	One-stage clotting assay	Off AC	OR 1.0; CI 0.97 to 1.02

AC, anticoagulation; dRVVT, dilute Russell viper venom test; ELISA, Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay