Table 1.

Psychotherapy Studies in High-Risk Bipolar Offspring

Authors	Sample Population and Size	Intervention	Design	Outcome
Miklowitz, et al. 2011.	13 children with a parent with Bipolar I or II Disorder and with active mood symptoms	Family Focused Therapy for Youth at High-Risk for Bipolar Disorder (FFT-HR)	Open, pilot 12 sessions over 4 months	Improved depression, hypomania, and psychosocial functioning scores.
Miklowitz, et al. 2013.	40 youth with BD-NOS, MDD or cyclothymia with a first degree relative with Bipolar I or II disorder and active mood symptoms	12 sessions of FFT-HR or 1–2 sessions of education control (EC)	RCT of FFT-HR versus EC	More rapid recovery from initial mood symptoms, more weeks in remission, and a more favorable trajectory of Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) scores over 1 year than youth in EC.
Goldstein, et al. 2014.	13 adolescents with a first degree relative with BD; 50% healthy at baseline, 50% with internalizing/externalizing disorders	Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy (IPSRT)	Open, pilot 12 sessions over 6 months	High satisfaction but only attended about half of scheduled sessions due to parental BD illness severity; less weekend sleeping in and oversleeping with treatment.
Cotton, et al. 2015.	10 high-risk offspring with at least 1 bipolar parent and with anxiety symptoms	Mindfulness based cognitive therapy for children (MBCT-C)	Open, pilot 12 week	Reduced clinician-rated anxiety and youth-rated trait anxiety; Increased parent-rated emotion regulation; Increased mindfulness associated with decreased anxiety.
Goldstein 2017.	42 adolescents, aged 12–17 years, at high risk for BD	Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy plus Data-Informed Referral (IPSRT+DIR) versus DIR-alone	Pilot, randomized, 8 sessions	IPSRT may help delay or prevent subthreshold hypo/manic symptoms among at-risk youth by enhancing sleep continuity