Table 2.

Pharmacological Studies in High-Risk Bipolar Offspring

Authors	Sample Population and Size	Drug	Design	Outcome
Geller, et al. 1998.	30 Prepubertal (mean age 10.7 years) depressed children; 80% had Family History of BP-I or mania (40% of parents had BP-I or mania); and 20% with loaded or multigenerational MDD but no mania	Lithium (n=17) versus placebo (n=13)	6-week Double-blind placebo controlled	No difference between active and placebo groups
Chang, et al. 2003.	24 (6–18 year old) youth with mood and behavioral disorders and at least one parent with BD	Divalproex	12-week open-label trial	78% response rate; no discontinuations due to adverse effects
Findling, et al. 2007.	56 symptomatic youth (ages 5–17) with BD-NOS or cyclothymia with at least one parent with BD	Divalproex (n=29) versus placebo (n=27)	Double-blind placebo controlled trial with upto 5 year follow up	No difference in survival time for discontinuation for any reason (p=.93) or due to a mood event (p=.55)
DelBello, et al. 2007.	20 symptomatic adolescents (12–18 years old) with at least one first-degree relative with BD I	Quetiapine	12-week single blind open-label trial	87% response (CGI-I < or=2) at week 12; decreased YMRS and children's depression rating scale (CDRS) scores from baseline to endpoint
Findling, et al. 2009.	9 children (7–16 years old) with MDD and at least one parent with BD	Paroxetine (n=4) versus Paroxetine+Divalproex (n=5)	1:! Randomization to open-label treatment	Neither treatment was effective; 50% had mania symptoms
Findling et al. 2017	(5–17 years old) with cyclothymia or BD-NOS and at least one parent with BD and a second degree relative with a mood disorder and not responsive to psychotherapy	Aripiprazole (n=30) vs placebo (n=29)	12-week double blind placebo controlled trial	Aripiprazole was superior to placebo in reducing symptoms of mania; youth who received aripiprazole vs placebo had significantly more weight gain (mean 2.3 vs 0.7 kg)