Table 1.

Clinical features and seizure type in autoimmune encephalitis associated with antibodies to neuronal cell-surface antigens.

	LGI1 [38**,41*,48 **,49,50*]	GABAAR [47,52*,51]	GABABR [45,46]	NMDAR [44,53–55]	AMPAR [56,57*]	mGluR5 [61–63],§	DPPX [59,60]	GlyR [64,65]	CASPR2 [39*,40**]	Neurexin3α [66*]
Median age (y), Occurs in children, Gender	61 No M≫F	40 Yes F=M	62 No M>F	22 Yes F≫M	61 No F>M	29 Yes F=M	58 Rare M≫F	50 Yes F=M	61 No M≫F	43 No M<F
Seizure frequencyand type (% of all cases)	Any type 90%;FBDS 47%, focal 66%, generalized 63%	Any type 88%; focal 81%, generalized 69%	Any type 90–100%; focal 40%, generalized 93%	Any type 76%; focal 17%, generalized 53%	Any type 36–40%; focal 10%, generalized 30%	Any type 60%;§ focal 10%, generalized 55%	Any type 22%	In patients with encephalitis ~13%	Any type 53%; in patients with LE 90%	Any type 80%
Status epilepticus	Yes	Yes (42%)	Yes (20%)	Yes	Yes	Yes (20%§)	No data	Anecdotal case reports	No data	No data
Other clinical manifestations	LE	Alteration of memory, behavior; dyskinesias	LE	Anti-NMDAR encephalitis	LE	Confusion, memory deficit, altered behavior	Confusion, psychosis, hyperekplexia, tremor, myoclonus, ataxia; GI, weight loss	Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus, Stiff-person syndrome,	LE, Morvan syndrome, neuromyotonia	Confusion, decreased level of consciousness, dyskinesias, hypoventilation
Tumor	7–11 %	38%; mostly thymoma	50–58%, mostly SCLC	20–42%, mostly ovarian teratoma	64–70%, thymoma, SCLC, breast	60%§, mostly Hodgkin’s lymphoma	10%, B-cell tumors	9%, mostly thymoma	16–19%, mostly thymoma	No
Response to immunotherapy	80%	86%	60%	75–81%	70–90%	90%§	60–78%	77%	73–93%	75%
Risk of epilepsy	15%	15%	29%	Low§§	Low§§	Low§§	No data	No data	No data	No data
Relapse	27–35%	No	No	12%	16–50%	10%§	23%	11–14%	25–37%	No data

F=female; GI= prodromal gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea, constipation); LE= limbic encephalitis; M=males; SCLC= small-cell lung cancer.

^§Spatola and Dalmau, personal communication;

^§§Low = Probably <5%.