. 2017 Feb 22;152(6):540–548. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2016.5708

Table 3. Matched Clinical End Points^a.

Outcome	Catheter Drainage (n = 64)^b	Relaparotomy (n = 64)^b	RR (95% CI)	P Value
Death, No. (%)	9 (14.1)	23 (35.9)	0.39 (0.20-0.76)	.007
Secondary end points
Major complications after first intervention POPF, No. (%)
New-onset single-organ failure	3 (4.7)	13 (20.3)	0.15 (0.04-0.61)	.007
New-onset multiple-organ failure	10 (15.6)	25 (39.1)	0.40 (0.21-0.77)	.008
Postpancreatectomy hemorrhage^b	14 (21.9)	14 (21.9)	1.00 (0.55-1.81)	>.99
Gastroenterostomy leakage^b	4 (6.3)	2 (3.1)	2.00 (0.43-9.33)	.69
Bile leakage^b	5 (7.8)	8 (12.5)	0.63 (0.22-1.82)	.58
Other complications after first intervention POPF, No. (%)
Delayed gastric emptying^c				.36
Grade B	3 (6.0)	4 (8.0)
Grade C	4 (8.0)	9 (18.0)
Acute pancreatitis^d	2 (3.1)	3 (4.7)	0.66 (0.13-3.33)	>.99
Long-term complications, No. (%)
New-onset diabetes^c^,^e	6 (12.0)	22 (44.0)	0.27 (0.13-0.58)	<.001
New-onset exocrine pancreatic insufficiency^e^,^f	16 (39.0)	22 (53.7)	0.72 (0.46-1.16)	.26
Interventions
Completion pancreatectomy, No. (%)	2 (3.1)	18 (28.1)	0.11 (0.03-0.43)	<.001
No. of additional relaparotomies				.006
Median (range) per patient	0 (0-5)	0 (0-8)
Total per study group	19	54
No. (%) of patients	14 (21.9)	29 (45.3)	0.48 (0.27-0.85)	.01
No. of additional catheter drainages				.12
Median (range) per patient	1 (0-9)	0 (0-6)
Total per study group	90	57
No. (%) of patients	36 (56.3)	28 (43.8)	1.29 (0.91-1.82)	.22
No. of interventions for pancreatic fistula				.18
Total No. per study group	150	127
Median (range) per patient	2 (0-9)	2 (1-7)
No. of interventions during admission				.35
Total No. per study group	195	213
Median (range) per patient	2 (0-13)	3 (1-13)
Hospitalization course
New ICU admission after first intervention POPF, No. (%)	24 (37.5)	56 (87.5)	0.43 (0.31-0.59)	<.001
Length of ICU stay, median (IQR)^g^,^h	0 (0-3)	6 (1-13)		.01
Length of hospital stay, median (IQR)^h	29 (19-45)	55 (41-71)		.001
Duration of pancreatic fistula, median (IQR)^h^,ⁱ	29 (17-62)	37 (14-62)		.71

Abbreviations: ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; POPF, postoperative pancreatic fistula; RR, risk ratio.

^{^a}

Length of ICU stay, hospital stay, and duration of pancreatic fistula were calculated over survivors.

^{^b}

Occurrence any time during admission after first intervention for pancreatic fistula, requiring intervention.

^{^c}

Calculated in 50 pairs of patients.

^{^d}

Defined as elevated serum amylase and lipase levels in combination with abdominal pain or as seen on computed tomography scan or during relaparotomy.

^{^e}

Occurrence within 90 days after date of admission.

^{^f}

Calculated in 41 patients.

^{^g}

After first intervention for pancreatic fistula.

^{^h}

Calculated in 36 pairs of survivors.

^ⁱ

Time between pancreatoduodenectomy and removal of last abdominal drain or completion pancreatectomy.

Table 3. Matched Clinical End Pointsa.

Table 3. Matched Clinical End Points^a.