Table 1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients in the 2003-2011 NIS Undergoing Pancreatic Resection and Hepatic Resectiona.
| Characteristic | Surgical Group by Hospital Market Concentration | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pancreatic Resection | Hepatic Resection | |||||||||
| Unconcentrated (n = 26 407) |
Moderate (n = 5297) |
High (n = 7007) |
Total (N = 38 711) |
P Value | Unconcentrated (n = 38 624) |
Moderate (n = 6007) |
High (n = 7653) |
Total (N = 52 284) |
P Value | |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 13 352 (67.9) | 2637 (13.4) | 3673 (18.7) | 19 662 | .46 | 18 202 (74.3) | 2803 (11.4) | 3488 (14.2) | 24 493 | .65 |
| Female | 13 055 (68.5) | 2661 (14.0) | 3334 (17.5) | 19 049 | 20 421 (73.5) | 3204 (11.5) | 4165 (15.0) | 27 790 | ||
| Age, median (IQR), y | 64 (55-72) | 65 (55-72) | 67 (58-74) | 65 (55-73) | NA | 58 (48-68) | 60 (52-69) | 62 (51-72) | 59 (49-69) | NA |
| CCI | ||||||||||
| 0 | 4462 (73.0) | 856 (14.0) | 797 (13.0) | 6115 | .054 | 6558 (77.0) | 851 (10.0) | 1104 (13) | 8513 | .09 |
| 1 | 1862 (66.1) | 439 (15.6) | 514 (18.3) | 2815 | 1305 (70.3) | 250 (13.5) | 301 (16.2) | 1857 | ||
| 2 | 6416 (67.8) | 1283 (13.6) | 1767 (18.7) | 9466 | 3988 (73.9) | 713 (13.2) | 696 (12.9) | 5397 | ||
| ≥3 | 13 666 (67.3) | 2719 (13.4) | 3929 (19.3) | 20 314 | 26 773 (73.3) | 4193 (11.5) | 5552 (15.2) | 36 518 | ||
| Procedure type | ||||||||||
| Total pancreatectomy | 2274 (68.4) | 507 (15.2) | 545 (16.4) | 3326 | .74 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Pancreaticoduodenectomy | 24 133 (68.2) | 4790 (13.5) | 6462 (18.3) | 35 385 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Lobectomy | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 12 708 (75.9) | 1897 (11.3) | 2143 (12.8) | 16 748 | .15 |
| Partial hepatectomy | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 25 916 (72.9) | 4110 (11.6) | 5509 (15.5) | 35 536 | |
| No. of in-hospital complications | ||||||||||
| 0 | 16 491 (68.8) | 3209 (13.4) | 4263 (17.8) | 23 963 | .07 | 29 522 (74.8) | 4472 (11.3) | 5493 (13.9) | 39 488 | .05 |
| 1 | 8224 (68.7) | 1600 (13.4) | 2150 (18) | 11 975 | 8052 (71.3) | 1344 (11.9) | 1901 (16.8) | 11 296 | ||
| ≥2 | 1691 (61.0) | 488 (17.6) | 594 (21.4) | 2773 | 1049 (70.0) | 191 (12.7) | 259 (17.3) | 1499 | ||
| Length of stay, median (IQR), d | 10 (8-15) | 12 (9-18) | 12 (9-18) | 11 (8-16) | NA | 6 (5-8) | 6 (5-8) | 6 (5-9) | 6 (5-8) | NA |
| Primary payer | ||||||||||
| Medicare | 12 344 (65.8) | 2567 (13.7) | 3851 (20.5) | 18 762 | .01 | 12 715 (69.7) | 2172 (11.9) | 3362 (18.4) | 18 249 | <.001 |
| Medicaid | 1206 (67.7) | 287 (16.1) | 288 (16.2) | 1781 | 2174 (74.0) | 400 (13.6) | 363 (12.4) | 2937 | ||
| Private | 11 445 (70.8) | 2195 (13.6) | 2524 (15.6) | 16 163 | 21 615 (76.2) | 3170 (11.2) | 3579 (12.6) | 28 365 | ||
| Uninsured | 585 (67.6) | 124 (14.3) | 157 (18.2) | 865 | 922 (82.5) | 86 (7.7) | 111 (9.9) | 1118 | ||
| Other | 827 (72.6) | 125 (11.0) | 188 (16.5) | 1139 | 1198 (74.2) | 179 (11.1) | 238 (14.7) | 1615 | ||
| Quartile of household income | ||||||||||
| First | 5051 (66.4) | 1111 (14.6) | 1440 (18.9) | 7602 | .26 | 7177 (72.3) | 1352 (13.6) | 1392 (14) | 9921 | .006 |
| Second | 6002 (65.3) | 1319 (14.4) | 1865 (20.3) | 9186 | 8582 (71.4) | 1261 (10.5) | 2174 (18.1) | 12 017 | ||
| Third | 7241 (68.6) | 1337 (12.7) | 1972 (18.7) | 10 550 | 10 474 (73.3) | 1510 (10.6) | 2314 (16.2) | 14 298 | ||
| Fourth | 8112 (71.3) | 1530 (13.5) | 1730 (15.2) | 11 373 | 12 390 (77.2) | 1884 (11.7) | 1772 (11.0) | 16 047 | ||
| Discharge disposition | ||||||||||
| Routine | 14 522 (72.8) | 2551 (12.8) | 2879 (14.4) | 19 952 | <.001 | 31 423 (75.6) | 4669 (11.2) | 5484 (13.2) | 41 577 | <.001 |
| Transferred | 2830 (58.1) | 687 (14.1) | 1353 (27.8) | 4871 | 1489 (57.0) | 363 (13.9) | 761 (29.1) | 2613 | ||
| Home health care | 8352 (67.0) | 1759 (14.1) | 2354 (18.9) | 12 465 | 5058 (71.1) | 837 (11.8) | 1223 (17.2) | 7118 | ||
| Died | 693 (50.2) | 286 (20.7) | 401 (29.1) | 1380 | 645 (67) | 133 (13.8) | 185 (19.2) | 962 | ||
| Other | 4 (13.3) | 5 (16.7) | 20 (66.7) | 30 | 9 (64.3) | 5 (35.7) | 0 | 14 | ||
Abbreviations: CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable; NIS, Nationwide Inpatient Sample.
a
Unless otherwise indicated, data are expressed as weighted number (percentage) of row totals for each surgical group. Estimated counts were rounded to the nearest unit, and thus, totals across categories may differ from the calculated sums. P values were calculated using an unpaired t test or nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and the Pearson χ2 test or Fisher exact test for categorical variables.