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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Feb 28.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Rev. 2018 Jan 10;118(4):1691–1741. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00305

Figure 12.

Figure 12

Designed and evolved binding sites. (a) Nonenzyme protein with a site designed to bind Ca2+. Reprinted with permission from ref 16. Copyright 2009 BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0. (b) Artificial enzyme, HG3.17, obtained through directed evolution, shown bound with a transition state analogue. In the substrate, the NH moiety forming a short hydrogen bond with Asp127 is replaced by a scissile CH, and the nitrogen atom hydrogen bonded to Gln50 is replaced by oxygen. Reprinted with permission from ref 435. Copyright 2013 Macmillan Publishers Ltd.