Table 4.

Replicated results from gene-based analysis in GENOA N=1,090

Left ventricular traits	Gene name	Gene-based association p-values
		MAF < 1%				MAF < 5%
		Burden	MB	SKAT	VT	Burden	MB	SKAT	VT
E/A ratio	KCNH4	0.13 (++)	0.13 (++)	0.18 (++)	0.21 (++)	0.13 (++)	0.13 (++)	0.18 (++)	0.21 (++)
LAD	ENDOG	0.39 (+)	0.39 (+)	0.39 (+)	0.39 (+)	0.39 (+)	0.39 (+)	0.39 (+)	0.39 (+)
LVIDD	RAMP1	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
E/A ratio	PHKB	0.41 (++++−−)	0.45 (++++− −)	0.74 (++++− −)	0.60 (+++−)	0.63 (++++− − − −)	0.55 (++++− − − −)	0.86 (++++− − − −)	0.64 (+++− −)
LAD	GPR55	0.68 (− −)	0.57 (− −)	0.28 (− −)	0.21 (−)	0.71 (− − −)	0.91 (− − −)	0.54 (− − −)	0.30 (−)
LVM	GPR55	0.98 (− −)	0.99 (− −)	0.99 (− −)	0.99 (− −)	0.03 (− − −)	0.15 (− − −)	0.02 (− − −)	0.08 (− − −)
E/A ratio	GPR55	0.44 (− −)	0.46 (− −)	0.66 (− −)	0.63 (−)	0.03 (− − −)	0.07 (− − −)	0.05 (− − −)	0.07 (− − −)

^*The models were adjusted for age, gender, center, body mass index and first 10 principal components. Direction of SNPs contributing gene-based analysis inside parentheses. Plus means increase, minus means decrease compared to common alleles (additive model). E/A ratio, the ratio of left ventricular transmitral early velocity to late/atrial velocity. LAD, left atrial dimension. LVIDD, left ventricular internal dimension-diastole. LVM, left ventricular mass. E/A ratio, LVIDD and LVM were natural log-transformed. LAD was square-rooted. MB, the Madsen-Browning weighted burden test. SKAT, the sequence kernel association test. VT, the variable frequency threshold test. MAF, minor allele frequency.