Table 4.

Means and standard deviations of the three acoustic parameters for each target consonant for the four groups of children in their English and Spanish, respectively.

Measurement	Group	English			Spanish
		/ʃ/	/s/	/tʃ/	/s/	/tʃ/
Segment duration in seconds	Monolingual English-speaking children with NH (NHME)	0.164 (0.050)	0.170 (0.044)	0.109 (0.048)	N/A	N/A
	Monolingual English-speaking children with CIs (CIME)	0.221 (0.109)	0.215 (0.094)	0.150 (0.080)	N/A	N/A
	Spanish–English bilingual children with CIs (CIBE/CIBS)	0.177 (0.076)	0.168 (0.077)	0.107 (0.045)	0.179 (0.101)	0.095 (0.040)
	Spanish–English bilingual children with NH (NHBE/NHBS)	0.190 (0.088)	0.187 (0.066)	0.131 (0.045)	0.141 (0.060)	0.115 (0.058)
Rise time in seconds	Monolingual English-speaking children with NH (NHME)	0.141 (0.055)	0.123 (0.046)	0.069 (0.042)	N/A	N/A
	Monolingual English-speaking children with CIs (CIME)	0.158 (0.105)	0.144 (0.075)	0.098 (0.080)	N/A	N/A
	Spanish–English bilingual children with CIs (CIBE/CIBS)	0.121 (0.078)	0.131 (0.078)	0.066 (0.045)	0.130 (0.087)	0.062 (0.042)
	Spanish–English bilingual children with NH (NHBE/NHBS)	0.128 (0.061)	0.149 (0.080)	0.074 (0.041)	0.107 (0.058)	0.074 (0.057)
Spectral mean frequency in Hz	Monolingual English-speaking children with NH (NHME)	4728.1 (1103.6)	7176.2 (1017.7)	4927.3 (1225.5)	N/A	N/A
	Monolingual English-speaking children with CIs (CIME)	5589.7 (1297.9)	7286.2 (2331.0)	5209.9 (1536.5)	N/A	N/A
	Spanish–English bilingual children with CIs (CIBE/CIBS)	5864.8 (1298.1)	7267.1 (1825.8)	5678.6 (1355.3)	7244.6 (2029.6)	6004.3 (1397.9)
	Spanish–English bilingual children with NH (NHBE/NHBS)	5194.5 (1099.8)	7921.7 (1737.8)	5220.5 (1256.4)	8221.6 (2065.2)	5458.1 (1680.3)

Note. NH = normal hearing; CI = cochlear implants; N/A = not applicable.