Table 3.

Descriptive summary of results (means and standard deviations) of the four acoustic variables for the four speaker groups: acoustic vowel space (AVS), voice onset time (VOT) contrast scores, normalized pairwise variability index for vocalic intervals (nPVI-V), and articulation rate (AR).

Variables	AE-PD	AE-HC	KR-PD	KR-HC
AVS (in log)	4.72 (0.34)	5.21 (0.09)	5.23 (0.25)	5.48 (0.19)
VOT contrast scores	2.72 (0.79)	3.05 (0.47)	4.22 (0.86)	4.51 (0.58)
nPVI-V	49.37 (18.82)	51.71 (20.51)	31.63 (8.04)	36.07 (10.34)
AR (syl/s)	4.84 (1.18)	4.77 (0.94)	5.25 (0.94)	5.14 (0.90)

Note. AE = American-English; KR = Korean; PD = Parkinson's disease; HC = Healthy controls; syl/s = syllables per second.