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Test score means (SD) by group.
| Group | PTONI | GFTA-2 | PPVT-4 | DELV-NR |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| +GG | 87.37 (11.36) | 107.26 (2.62) | 97.84 (7.78) | 8.84 (1.86) |
| −GG | 96.05 (9.80) | 107.05 (2.76) | 94.74 (9.50) | 8.84 (1.12) |
Note. GG = Gullah/Geechee; PTONI = Primary Test of Nonverbal Intelligence; GFTA-2 = Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation–Second Edition; PPVT-4 = Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test–Fourth Edition; DELV-NR = Diagnostic Evaluation of Language Variation: Norm-Referenced Test.
