Table 1.
Mean (M) standard scores and standard deviations (SD) on the norm-referenced test measures administered to the children with specific language impairment (SLI) and typically developing (TD) children.
| Measure | SLI (N = 117) | TD (N = 117) | Cohen's d |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nonverbal IQ | |||
| Leiter a | |||
| M | 98 | 110 | −0.77 |
| SD | 13 | 14 | |
| Range | 76–139 | 76–141 | |
| Lexical | |||
| CREVT-2, Receptive b | |||
| M | 87 | 105 | −1.22 |
| SD | 9 | 11 | |
| Range | 62–112 | 81–146 | |
| CREVT-2, Expressive c | |||
| M | 81 | 101 | −1.32 |
| SD | 10 | 12 | |
| Range | 54–101 | 69–134 | |
| Sentential | |||
| CELF-4, Concepts & Direct d | |||
| M | 6 | 11 | −1.33 |
| SD | 3 | 2 | |
| Range | 1–13 | 6–15 | |
| CELF-4, Recalling Sent e | |||
| M | 5 | 10 | −1.51 |
| SD | 2 | 2 | |
| Range | 1–11 | 4–18 | |
| Qualifying z score f | |||
| M | −1.49 | 0.08 | −3.10 |
| SD | 0.39 | 0.60 | |
| Range | −2.73 to −1.00 | −0.96 to 1.89 |
Note. CREVT-2 = Comprehensive Expressive-Receptive Vocabulary Test–Second Edition; CELF-4 = Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals–Fourth Edition.
Average score on four nonverbal subtests (figure ground, form completion, sequential order, and repeated patterns) from the visualization and reasoning battery of the Leiter International Performance Scale–Revised: M = 100, SD = 15.
M = 100, SD = 15.
M = 100, SD = 15.
CELF-4 Concepts & Directions: M = 10, SD = 3.
CELF-4 Recalling Sentences: M = 10, SD = 3.
Average z score on the three lowest lexical and sentential measures.