Table 1.
Timeline of main events in cardiac regeneration by organism and damage model. Times listed are the earliest point at which the process was observed (d = days post injury). A dash (—) indicates that no data exists for this model.
| Inflam-mation | Epicardial Activation | Fibrosis | Cardiomyocytes | Recovery (Function) | Recovery (Morph.) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fibrin | Collagen | Dediff. | Prolif. | Migration | |||||
| D. rerio (adult) | |||||||||
| Amputation | <1 d [58] | 1 d [59] | 2 d [21] | 14 d [21] | 7 d [60] | 7 d [21] | 9 d [21] | 30 d [61] | 60 d [21] |
| Cryoinjury | 1 d [35] | 3 d [35] | 4 d [36] | 7 d [36] | 4 d [62] | 3 d [35] | 14 d [37] | 30 d [36] | 60 d [36] |
| Ablation (Z-CAT) | 3 d [41] | 7 d [41] | — | 14 d [41] | 7 d [41] | 7 d [41] | — | 14 d [41] | 30 d [41] |
| D. rerio (larva) | |||||||||
| Ablation (NTR) | — | 1 d [40] | — | — | 1 d [40] | 2 d [40] | 2 d [40] | 4 d [38] | 4 d [38] |
| D. aequippinatus | |||||||||
| Cautery | 1 d [22] | — | — | 7 d [22] | — | 7 d [22] | 14 d [22] | — | 45 d [22] |
| C. auratus | |||||||||
| Cautery | 3 d [23] | — | 7 d [23] | 14 d [23] | 14 d [23] | 3 d [23] | — | — | 45 d [23] |
| N. viridescens | |||||||||
| Amputation | 5 d [17] | — | 7 d [26] | 7 d [26] | — | 7 d [26] | 30 d [14] | 23 d [26] | 60 d [26] |
| Crushing | — | — | — | 1 d [63] | 1 d [27] | — | — | 14 d [27] | 84d [63] |