Table 2.

Risk factors for complications associated with hyperthyroidism in pregnancy

Risk factors [27, 28, 30]

• Long-standing GH • Gestational hypertension • Twin pregnancies • Anemia • Frequent infections (i.e., UTIs) • Late presentation to obstetric clinic • Inconsistent use of medications • Abnormal outcomes in prior pregnancies

Possible complications

• Maternal [28] ○ Miscarriages ○ Gestational hypertension ○ Preeclampsia ○ Congestive heart failure ○ Thyroid storm • Obstetrical ○ Premature delivery [82] ○ Placental abruption ○ Premature rupture of membrane ○ Gestational Hypertension • Fetal ○ Congenital malformations [83] ○ Hyperthyroidism ○ Developmental dysplasia of the hip associated with first-trimester maternal hyperthyroidism [84] ○ Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) ○ Small for gestational age (SGA) infants ○ Prematurity ○ Stillbirth • Neonatal ○ Prematurity ○ Hyperthyroidism [32] ○ Neonatal central hypothyroidism [71] ○ Low birth weight [30]