Table 2.

Industrial application of TA lipases.

	Fields	Process	Products	Microbial origin of lipases	References
Main applications	Renewable energy	Transesterification of oils/alcoholysis/methanolysis/interesterification	Biodiesel	Geobacillus thermodenitrificans AV-5, Microbacterium sp., lipZ01 expressed in Pichia pastoris GS11	[23, 34, 44–48]
	Laundry/ dishwashing	Hydrolysis of lipid/ester bonds	Biodetergent	Brevibacterium halotolerans PS4, Talaromyces thermophilus, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Thermosyntropha lipolytica, Staphylococcus aureus ALA1, Bacillus methylotrophicus PS3, Staphylococcus aureus SAL3, Bacillus sp. BSK-L, Geobacillus zalihae	[15, 19, 20, 22, 24–26, 39, 49–53]
	Leather	Hydrolyse grease or fat from leather	Biodegreasing agent	Geobacillus thermoleovorans DA2, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus arlettae JPBW-1	[42, 54, 55]
Other applications	Cosmetic	Esterification of fatty acids and other compounds	Esters, plasticizers, and lubricants	Thermomyces lanuginosus, Rhizomucor miehei, Pseudomonas cepacia, Candia antarctica	[5, 6, 56]
	Food	Transesterification/interesterification/acidolysis and esterification	AG, plasticizer, fatty acids, and esters	Rhizomucor miehei, Rhizopus oryzae NRRL 3562, Candida antarctica	[6, 16, 47, 57]
	Bioremediation	Hydrolysis of oils	Biodegrading agent	Staphylococcus pasteuri, Ochrobactrum intermedium strainMZV101, Bacillus sonorensis 4R, Aspergillus ibericus, Aspergillus uvarum, Aspergillus niger	[4, 41, 44, 58]
	Pharmaceutical	Transesterification/aminolysis	Plasticizer and drugs	Candida antarctica, Candida rugosa	[2, 6]

Note. AG, acylglycerols.