Table 1.
General characteristics of 19 included cross-sectional studies.
| Study | Country | Objective | Respondents | Recruitment site | Sample size (response rate %) | Results obtained | NOS Score | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary outcome | Secondary outcome | |||||||
| Charakorn C. et al.23 | Thailand | Evaluation of knowledge about the Pap smear, HPV, and the HPV vaccine, and the acceptability of the vaccine to Thai women | Both mothers and their daughters | Hospital | 536 (70%) | Poor knowledge of HPV infection and HPV vaccine | Positive intention for 77% and 84% of mothers and daughters, respectively | 5 |
| Choi HCW et al.11 | Hong Kong | To provide a more representative and updated assessment on the acceptability of female adolescent HPV vaccination in Hong Kong | Schoolgirls aged between 11 and 18 years old, and mothers with daughter(s) ≤ 18 years old | Schoolgirls from 5 constituency areas and mothers through random-digit dialling telephone interviewing | Total of 1022 (39.3%) and 1005 (50.2%) mothers in 2008 and 2012 respectively. 2167 (96.2%) for schoolgirls’ survey | 27.5% and 37.6% of mothers intended to vaccinate daughters’ in 2008 and 2012, respectively. 27.1% of schoolgirls in 2008. | Willingness to pay for full course of vaccination | 6 |
| Egawa-Takata T et al.13 | Japan | To investigate why Japanese adolescent girls decline, continue or discontinue their HPV vaccination, how their mothers influence their decisions, and the mothers’ feelings about future HPV vaccination for their daughters | Mothers with daughters aged 10–18 | Internet | 2828 mothers (28.3%) | Mothers’ knowledge about HPV vaccine and attitude towards cervical cancer screening influenced their decision to get their daughters vaccinated | 16% intended to get daughters vaccinated | 5 |
| Egawa-Takata T et al., 201612 | Japan | To investigate the prevalence of use of HPV vaccination in the daughters of obstetricians and gynecologists, and their attitudes related to the HPV vaccine and cervical cancer screening, to gain insights into their reasoning for or against recommending HPV vaccination for their daughters | Doctors’ daughters: HPV vaccinations before (2012) and after (2014) the adverse news releases | Hospital | 264 (46%) | The number of vaccinated daughters was lower in 2014 than in 2012 | 64% intended to get daughters vaccinated | 1 |
| Gu C et al.8 | China | To examine young women’s perceptions and acceptability of human papillomavirus vaccination and factors influencing acceptability in mainland China | Undergraduate female students year 1 to 4, aged 18 or above | Medical college | 119 (94.3%) | 44% of women intended to get vaccinated | Low awareness and knowledge of HPV vaccine and cervical cancer | 7 |
| Hsu YY et al.16 | Taiwan | To examine health beliefs and intention to obtain HPV vaccination among undergraduate women in Taiwan | Full-time female undergraduate students attending 5 universities in Taiwan | Five universities in Taiwan | 845 | Poor awareness of HPV infection and HPV vaccine | 63% of students intended to obtain HPV vaccine | 7 |
| Johnson DC et al.22 | Nepal | Assessing knowledge and awareness of HPV, cervical cancer and HPV vaccines among rural and suburban women in Nepal | Women attending health camps | Khokana, a suburban community, and Sanphebagar, a rural community | 749 | Poor awareness and knowledge of HPV, cervical cancer and HPV vaccine | 77.5% of women intended to obtain HPV vaccine if offered for free | 6 |
| Juntasopeepun P et al.24 | Thailand | To examine knowledge and beliefs regarding HPV and cervical cancer and to predict vaccination intention among young women in Thailand | Thai women aged 18–24 years in Chiang Mai, Thailand | University | 391 | 56.5% intended to receive the vaccine | Knowledge about HPV and cervical cancer were moderate | 7 |
| Kang HS et al.14 | Korea | To examine the relationships between attitudes toward and intention to receive the HPV vaccination and intention to use condoms among Korean female college students | Female Korean college students | Sixteen colleges located in 16 regions across the nation | 1600 (87%) | Intention to get vaccinated was not high, and women were not confident of the vaccine’s safety and changes in sexual behaviour | Intention gets lower when attitude is negative | 5 |
| Kang HY et al.15 | Korea | To examine knowledge about HPV and attitudes towards HPV and HPV vaccination among Korean female undergraduate students | Female undergraduate students | University | 339 (94.7%) | Awareness and knowledge of HPV was poor | Wanting more education about the vaccine, perceived severity and knowledge of HPV associated with intention | 6 |
| Kruiroongroj S et al.25 | Thailand | To evaluate the willingness of Thai mothers to get their daughters vaccinated against HPV if it is free of charge (acceptance) or if it is not free of charge (willingness to pay), and to examine their current knowledge regarding HPV vaccine and cervical cancer | Female parents of adolescent girls aged 12–15 | Secondary schools | 1200 (71.7%) | Knowledge regarding the HPV vaccine was low | 76.9% of parents intended to get vaccinated if offered for free and 68.9% were willing to pay if vaccine was not offered for free | 3 |
| Li J et al.9 | China | To assess women’s knowledge about HPV and their acceptance of the vaccines | Women aged 14–59 living in metropolitan and rural regions of China | 6 community clusters from 3 major cities and rural areas in 3 provinces | 6024 (95.8) | Knowledge and awareness were low among women in both metropolitan and rural areas | 84.6% of women intended to get vaccinated if the HPV vaccine was made available to them | 7 |
| Montgomery MP et al.21 | India | To assess the knowledge, acceptability, attitudes and feasibility concerning HPV and cervical cancer among adult women in Dakshina Kannada district of the southern state of Karnataka, India | All women between the ages of 18 and 44 | Family practice and obstetrics and gynaecology clinics and postnatal wards within the hospital Karnataka, India | 225 (90%) | Knowledge and awareness related to HPV and cervical cancer was low | 46% intended to receive the HPV vaccine | 5 |
| Sam IC et al.19 | Malaysia | To determine the acceptability rates of HPV vaccination by Malaysian mothers for daughters | Mothers with at least one child under 18 years old attending outpatient clinics | University hospital | 362 | 65.7% and 55.8% of mothers intended to get daughters and sons vaccinated, respectively | Knowledge of HPV and the HPV vaccine was low | 5 |
| Wong LP20 | Malaysia | To assess the knowledge and attitudes towards HPV, HPV vaccination and cervical cancer among young women in rural settings | Women aged between 18 and 25 years and living in the household | Rural villages in the states of Perak and Pahang in Peninsular Malaysia | 589 (84.7%) | Knowledge of HPV, HPV vaccination and cervical cancer were extremely poor | Two thirds of respondents professed an intention to receive the HPV vaccine | 4 |
| Yen CF et al.17 | Taiwan | To explore awareness and acceptability of HPV vaccination and to identify factors influencing HPV acceptability among women with physical disabilities in Taiwan | Adult women aged 18–69 who were officially registered as having physical disabilities in Taipei City as of March 2009 | As a part of a larger study on reported history of Pap smear tests, health experiences, perceptions of cervical cancer and HPV vaccination among women with physical disabilities in Taiwan. | 438 | Awareness of HPV vaccine was poor | Only 3.2% intended to obtain the vaccine. Intention increased up to 60% if the vaccine was offered for free | 4 |
| Young AM et al.26 | Philippines | To examine attitudes toward and acceptability of HPV vaccination among a community-based sample of women in the Philippines | Women aged from 18 to 52 years old | Three communities in the Central Visayan region | 435 | 54% intended to receive HPV vaccine at low price, whereas only 30% and 31% intended to receive at moderate and high prices, respectively | Mothers and partners were influential in vaccination decisions together with access to transportation, social support and benefits of vaccination | 4 |
| Yu Y et al.10 | China | To investigate awareness and knowledge of HPV/the HPV vaccine and potential acceptance of the HPV vaccine among mothers with a teenage daughter in Weihai, Shandong, China | Mothers of daughters aged 9–17 years old | Weihai, China | 1578 (85.3%) | Awareness and knowledge of HPV/HPV vaccine was poor | Only 26.49% of mothers intended to get their daughters vaccinated | 5 |
| Zhuang QY et al.18 | Singapore | To describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices of young women regarding HPV vaccination | Female students attending a tertiary institution in Singapore | University | 255 | Among the unvaccinated participants (n = 230), 41.7% had no intention to receive the vaccine and 27.0% cited lack of information as a major barrier to HPV vaccination | Knowledge of HPV and cervical cancer was found to be low | 6 |