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. 2018 Feb 26;8:3580. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22044-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Neutralization of IL-17 resulted in a apparent increase of bacterial colonization in vivo. MntC-vaccinated mice (n = 5) were intraperitoneally injected with anti-IFN-γ or (and) anti-IL-17, infected non-lethal dose S. aureus Newman 2 days later. One day post-infection, the mice were sacrificed, their (A) blood, (B) spleens, (C) kidneys, (D) lungs and (E) livers were harvested and homogenated to measure the CFUs of bacterial colonization. Mice immunized with MntC did not obtained a apparent protection to eliminate bacteria in mice, when the biological activities of IL-17 was inhibited. The CFUs of bacterial colonization in non-vaccinated mice and vaccinated without neutralizing cytokines mice were considered as the control groups, respectively. Significant differences were indicated by (*P < 0.05), (**P < 0.01) and (***P < 0.001).