Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the 149 patients who underwent ESD
| Total n = 149 | ESD-M n = 73 | ESD-F n = 76 | p value | ASD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | |||||
| Mean ± SD | 73.3 ± 8.6 | 73.0 ± 8.4 | 73.6 ± 8.7 | 0.67¶ | 0.0702 |
| Median (range) | 74 (52–91) | 74 (52–91) | 74 (52–90) | 0.67§ | |
| Gender | 0.4‡ | ||||
| Male | 97 (65.1%) | 45 (61.6%) | 52 (68.4%) | 0.143 | |
| Female | 52 (34.9%) | 28 (38.4%) | 24 (31.6%) | 0.143 | |
| Underlying disease | 0.49‡ | ||||
| None | 132 (88.6%) | 66 (90.4%) | 66 (86.8%) | 0.113 | |
| Cardiomyopathy or cirrhosis | 17 (11.4%) | 7 (9.6%) | 10 (13.2%) | 0.143 | |
| Antithrombotic drugs | 0.091‡ | ||||
| None or discontinuation | 143 (96.0%) | 72 (98.6%) | 71 (93.4%) | 0.268 | |
| Continuation | 6 (4.0%) | 1 (1.4%) | 5 (6.6%) | 0.268 | |
| Location of lesions | 0.055† | ||||
| Upper | 24 (16.1%) | 12 (16.4%) | 12 (15.8%) | 0.0163 | |
| Middle | 54 (36.2%) | 33 (45.2%) | 21 (27.6%) | 0.372 | |
| Lower | 71 (47.7%) | 28 (38.4%) | 43 (56.6%) | 0.371 | |
| Position of lesions | 0.44† | ||||
| Lesser curvature | 60 (40.2%) | 30 (41.1%) | 30 (39.5%) | 0.0326 | |
| Greater curvature | 38 (25.5%) | 22 (30.1%) | 16 (21.1%) | 0.207 | |
| Anterior wall | 29 (19.5%) | 11 (15.1%) | 18 (23.7%) | 0.219 | |
| Posterior wall | 22 (14.8%) | 10 (13.7%) | 12 (15.8%) | 0.0592 | |
| Morphology | 0.27† | ||||
| Protruding | 55 (36.9%) | 30 (41.1%) | 25 (32.9%) | 0.170 | |
| Flat | 1 (0.7%) | 1 (1.4%) | 0 (0%) | 0.169 | |
| Depressed | 93 (63.4%) | 42 (57.5%) | 51 (67.1%) | 0.199 | |
| Histology | 0.68‡ | ||||
| Differentiated | 144 (96.6%) | 70 (95.9%) | 74 (97.4%) | 0.0834 | |
| Undifferentiated | 5 (3.4%) | 3 (4.1%) | 2 (2.6%) | 0.0834 | |
| Lesion size (mm) | |||||
| Mean ± SD | 16.6 ± 10.0 | 17.2 ± 9.3 | 16.1 ± 10.6 | 0.49¶ | 0.110 |
| Median (range) | 15 (3–77) | 15 (3–40) | 14 (4–77) | 0.27§ | |
| Specimen size (mm) | |||||
| Mean ± SD | 39.0 ± 12.0 | 39.8 ± 11.6 | 38.2 ± 12.4 | 0.42¶ | 0.133 |
| Median (range) | 36 (17–110) | 40 (17–75) | 35 (20–110) | 0.35§ | |
| Depth | 0.68† | ||||
| pT1a | 132 (88.6%) | 63 (86.3%) | 69 (90.8%) | 0.0724 | |
| pT1b1 | 7 (4.7%) | 4 (5.5%) | 3 (3.9%) | 0.0757 | |
| pT1b2 | 10 (6.7%) | 6 (8.2%) | 4 (5.3%) | 0.116 | |
| Presence of ulceration | 17 (11.4%) | 10 (13.7%) | 7 (9.2%) | 0.45‡ | 0.142 |
| Operator level | < 0.001‡ | ||||
| Experts | 70 (47.0%) | 47 (64.4%) | 23 (30.3%) | 0.727 | |
| Electrosurgical unit | 0.009‡ | ||||
| VIO 300D | 128 (85.9%) | 57 (78.1%) | 71 (93.4%) | 0.450 | |
| ICC200 | 21 (14.1%) | 16 (21.9%) | 5 (6.6%) | 0.450 |
ESD endoscopic submucosal dissection, ESD-M endoscopic submucosal dissection with Splash-M knife, ESD-F endoscopic submucosal dissection with Flush Knife BT, SD standard deviation ASD absolute standardized difference
p value was calculated using the χ2 test † and Fisher’s exact test ‡ for categorical data
p value was calculated using the t test ¶ and the Mann-Whitney U test § for continuous data
pT1a, tumor invasion is within mucosa; pT1b1, tumor invasion is within 0.5 mm of the muscularis mucosae; pT1b2, tumor invasion is 0.5 mm or deeper into the muscularis mucosae