Table 5.
HLM model estimates for positive and negative feedback predicting student spring math outcomes moderated by student fall math performance.
| Fixed Effect | Coefficient | Standard error | t-ratio | Approx. d.f. | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spring Math (fitted mean) | .05 | .08 | .64 | 21 | .53 |
| Fall Math effect | .77 | .04 | 17.49 | 175 | <.01 |
| Mins. Inst. effect | .004 | .01 | .78 | 21 | .44 |
| SES effect | -.001 | .05 | -.04 | 21 | .97 |
| Pos. FB effect | .07 | .05 | 1.4 | 175 | .16 |
| N/N FB effect | -.02 | .02 | -1.06 | 175 | .29 |
| Fall Math X Pos. FB | -.27 | .1 | -2.54 | 175 | .01 |
|
| |||||
| Random Effect | Standard Deviation | Variance Component | d.f. | χ2 | p-value |
|
| |||||
| INTRCPT1, u0 | .23 | .05 | 21 | 54.61 | <.01 |
| level-1, r | .52 | .28 | |||
Note: Pos. FB = Positive Feedback, N/N FB = Neutral/Negative Feedback, Fall Math = Fall Math Factor Score, Spring Math = Spring Math Factor Score, SES = Student Socioeconomic Status, Mins. Inst. = Minutes of Instruction.