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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Sch Psychol Q. 2017 Aug 31;33(2):272–282. doi: 10.1037/spq0000225

Table 6.

HLM model estimates for depressive symptoms predicting positive and negative feedback provided to students.

Fixed Effect Coefficient Standard error t-ratio Approx. d.f. p-value
Pos. FB (group mean) .23 .07 3.17 21 <.01
 Mins. Inst. effect -.004 .01 -.8 21 .43
 SES effect .05 .05 1.03 21 .3
 CES-D effect -.02 .01 -2.84 21 <.01
N/N FB (group mean) .01 .01 -2.72 21 <.01
 Mins. Inst. effect <.001 .03 -.01 21 .99
 SES effect <.001 .03 .20 21 .84
 CES-D effect -.00 .00 -.02 21 .98

Random Effect Standard Deviation Variance Component d.f. χ2 p-value

INTRCPT1, u0 .004 .00 21 6.09 <.5
level-1, r .74 0.56

Note: Pos. FB = Positive Feedback, N/N FB = Neutral/Negative Feedback, CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression Scale, SES = Student Socioeconomic Status, Mins. Inst. = Minutes of Instruction.