Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of patients with acute liver failure at study admission (n=1186).

		n (%) or median (IQR)
	n	Overall (n=1186)	RRT on Day 1 (n=314)	No RRT on Day 1 (n=872)	P*
Age	1186	39 (29–52)	38 (28–50)	40 (29–52)	0.15
Sex (female)	1186	819 (69%)	212 (68%)	607 (70%)	0.49
Race	1186				0.12
White		878 (74%)	234 (75%)	644 (74%)
African-american		184 (16%)	40 (13%)	144 (17%)
Other		124 (11%)	40 (13%)	84 (10%)
Etiology (acetaminophen)	1186	593 (50%)	169 (54%)	424 (49%)	0.11
HE grades 3–4	1186	600 (51%)	223 (71%)	377 (43%)	<0.001
Organ support
Mechanical Ventilation	1186	632 (53%)	254 (81%)	378 (43%)	<0.001
Vasopressors	1186	299 (25%)	176 (56%)	123 (14%)	<0.001
Biochemistry (admission)
Ammonia (μmol/l)	1186	97 (63–157)	110 (68–185)	95 (61–144)	<0.001
INR	1186	2.8 (2.1–4.2)	2.9 (2.1–4.3)	2.7 (2.1–4.1)	0.38
Bilirubin (mg/dl)	1178	6.6 (3.4–17.4)	6.2 (3.7–10.8)	6.8 (3.3–19.7)	0.07
ALT (U/l)	1176	2247 (734–4718)	2600 (852–4798)	2108 (699–4645)	0.18
Creatinine (mg/dl)	1180	1.70 (0.90–3.16)	2.80 (1.72–4.12)	1.34 (0.80–2.60)	<0.001
Phosphate (mmol/dl)	1062	3.0 (2.0–4.5)	3.8 (2.5–5.6)	2.8 (1.9–4.0)	<0.001
pH	977	7.42 (7.35–7.48)	7.40 (7.32–7.46)	7.43 (7.37–7.48)	<0.001
Lactate (mmol/l)	739	4.1 (2.4–7.7)	6.3 (3.4–10.3)	3.5 (2.1–5.9)	<0.001
NAC	1186	783 (66%)	220 (70%)	563 (65%)	0.08
21-day OLT	1169	259 (22%)	71 (23%)	188 (22%)	0.74
21-day overall mortality	1067	359 (34%)	129 (44%)	230 (30%)	<0.001
21-day transplant-free survival	827	493 (60%)	108 (47%)	385 (65%)	<0.001

IQR: inter-quartile range. RRT: renal replacement therapy. HE: hepatic encephalopathy. IMV: invasive mechanical ventilation. INR: international normalized ratio. ALT: alanine aminotransferase. NAC: n-acetylcysteine. OLT: orthotopic liver transplantation.

^*Mann-Whitney or Chi-square tests. α=0.05