Appendix Table 3.

QALY values and costs² for India example

Description	Value			Reference
Test costs ($)
Sputum smear test	4.93			[7]
GeneXpert test	26.57			[7]
Monthly first-line treatment costs ($)
Patient costs	6.33			[40]
Drug costs	3.60			[2,43,38]
Clinic costs	31.71			[41]
Discount factor
Annual discount rate	3%			[46]
Societal losses due to an additional month of transmissibility
Drug-sensitive TB transmission	Age	Costs ($)	QALYS	Calculated from simulation
	10	2,469	−9	[14]
	20	11,346	−28
	30	11,460	−32
	40	10,499	−41
	50	11,539	−32
	60	7,381	−30
	70	10,424	−28
	80	11,024	−16
	90	11,024	−16
Drug-resistant TB transmission	Age	Costs ($)	QALYS	Calculated from simulation
	10	9,400	−9	[14]
	20	14,957	−28
	30	31,027	−31
	40	31,867	−31
	50	23,021	−30
	60	23,604	−21
	70	18,774	−17
	80	20,036	−25
	90	20,036	−24
Quality-of-life multipliers
Healthy, treatment naive	1.00			[47]
Healthy, with past treatment	0.94			[26]
Healthy, on first-line treatment	0.85			Assumed
DS TB, not on treatment	0.66			[42]
DS TB, on first-line treatment	0.84			[34]
DR TB, not on DR TB treatment	0.66			[42]
DR TB, on DR TB treatment	0.75			3
Willingness-to-pay
GDP per capita in India ($)	1450			[44]
Monthly background healthcare costs when not on TB treatment
	Age	Males	Females	[39]
	0	0.20	0.19
	10	0.17	0.26
	20	1.23	2.63
	30	1.62	2.78
	40	1.66	2.92
	50	2.53	2.37
	60	3.31	2.44
	70	4.76	4.18
Lifetime discounted costs and QALYs
At the end of first-line treatment for a 30-year-old male by health and treatment state
		Costs ($)	QALYs	Calculated from simulation
Healthy (cured)		421.79	16.530	[14]
DS TB, exiting all treatment		171.71	4.353
DR TB, exiting all treatment		115.56	4.084
DR TB, entering DR TB treatment		1560.00	7.079
For a 30-year-old male DR patient successfully triaged to DR TB treatment
	After Month	Costs ($)	QALYs	Calculated from simulation
	0	1559.10	7.117	[14]
	1	1559.30	7.111
	2	1559.40	7.105
	3	1559.50	7.098
	4	1559.70	7.092
	5	1559.80	7.086
	6	1560.00	7.079

²Costs in this table are reported in 2012 USD, following [14], as this is the simulation used to estimate lifetime costs. Final reported results are scaled to 2015 USD using data from [45] and [36].

³Average of no treatment and first-line treatment for patients with DS TB (effective treatment but toxic).