Table 1.

Molecular imaging studies of associations between dopamine receptors and transporter and personality traits in healthy control subjects. The following denotes correlations between dopaminergic markers and the specific behavioural traits: r, correlation coefficient; +, positive correlation; −, negative correlation; nl, nonlinear. (In case-control studies including patient groups, only results for the control groups have been included.) KSP, Karolinska Scales of Personality; TCI, Temperament and Character inventory; MPI, Maudsley Personality Inventory; EPQ-R, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised; TPQ, Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire; BSMSS, Barratt Simplified Measure of Social Status; ZS, Zuckerman Scale; I7, Impulsiveness-Venturesomeness-Empathy questionnaire; BIS, Barratt's Impulsivity Scale; HS, Hollingshead Scale; D2/D3, Dopamine D2/D3 receptors; DAT, Dopamine transporter; DOPA, L-Dopa uptake; FDOPA, [¹⁸F]FDOPA; SSP, Swedish University Scales of Personality; RAC, [¹¹C]Raclopride; CFT, [¹⁸F]CFT; FLB, [¹¹C]FLB 457; FP, [¹⁸F]Fallypride; NEO-PI-R, NEO Personality Inventory-Revised; IB, [¹²³I]iodo-benzamide (SPECT); PHNO, [¹¹C](+)PHNO; SCH, [¹¹C]SCH23390; TC, temporal cortex; VST, ventral striatum; MTL, medial temporal lobe; amyg, amygdala; FC, frontal cortex; SN, substantia nigra; VTA, ventral tegmental area.

personality trait	marker	tracer	n	region	r	publication
detachment (KSP)	D2	RAC	24; 18	striatum	−	Farde et al. [31]; Breier et al. [32]
	DAT	CFT	18	striatum	−	Laakso et al. [53]
attachment (TCI)	D2/D3	PHNO	32	VST	−	Caravaggio et al. [38]
novelty seeking (TCI)	D2	FLB	24	right insula	−	Suhara et al. [54]
novelty seeking (TPQ)	D2	FP	34	midbrain	−	Zald et al. [55]
sensation seeking (ZS)	D2	RAC	18	striatum	nl	Gjedde et al. [56]
venturesomeness (I7)	D2	FP	18	TC, thalamus	+	Bernow et al. [57]
impulsivity (NEO-PI-R)	DA release	RAC	40	right VST	−	Oswald et al. [58]
impulsivity (BIS)	D2	FP	32	midbrain	−	Buckholtz et al. [59]
impulsivity (BIS)	DA release			striatum	+
depression (NEO-PI-R)	D2	RAC	18	striatum	+	Kestler et al. [60]
harm avoidance (TCI)	D2	RAC	21	dorsal striatum	−	Kim et al. [61]
anxiety, irritability (KSP)	DOPA	FDOPA	33	striatum	−	Laakso et al. [62]
lie scale (MPI)	D2	IB	42	striatum	−	Huang et al. [18]
lie scale (MPI, EPQ-R)	D2	RAC	28; 13; 23	striatum	−	Reeves et al. [34], Egerton et al. [35]
lie scale (EPQ-R)	DOPA	FDOPA	46	striatum	n.s.	Stokes et al. [63]
social desirability (SSP)	D2	RAC; FLB	16	striatum, MTL	−	Cervenka et al. [33]
social desirability (SSP)	D1	SCH	23	striatum/amyg, FC	+	Plavén-Sigray et al. [64]
+ physical trait aggression (SSP)				−
socialization (KSP)	D2	RAC	30	VST	+	Caravaggio et al. [65]
socioeconomic status (HS)	D2	RAC	42	striatum	+	Wiers et al. [36]
social status (BSMSS)	D2	RAC	14	striatum	+	Martinez et al. [37]
social status (BSMSS)	D2/D3	PHNO	16	SN/VTA	−	Matuskey et al. [38]