Table 2.

Molecular imaging studies of associations between serotonin receptors and transporter and personality traits in healthy control subjects. The following denotes correlations between serotonergic markers and the specific behavioural traits: r, correlation coefficient; +, positive correlation; −, negative correlation. (In case-control studies including patient groups, only results for the control groups have been included.) NEO-PI-R, Revised NEO Personality Inventory; TCI, Temperament and Character inventory; KSP, Karolinska Scales of Personality; TPQ, Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire; EPQ, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; BGLHA, Brown-Goodwin Assessment for Lifetime History of Aggression; BPAQ, Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire; BIS-11, Barratt's Impulsivity Scale 11; UG, Ultimatum Game; 5-HTT, serotonin transporter; 5-HT1A, serotonin 1A receptors; 5-HT2A, serotonin 2A receptor; 5-HT4, serotonin 4 receptor; DASB, [¹¹C]DASB, MADAM, [¹¹C]MADAM; WAY, [¹¹C]WAY100635; FESP, [¹⁸F]FESP; ALT, [¹⁸F]altanserin; SB, [¹¹C]SB207145; SET, [¹⁸F]setoperone; DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; PC, parietal cortex; OC, occipital cortex; ACC, accumbens; FC, frontal cortex; STG, superior temporal gyrus. HC, hippocampus; OFC, orbitofrontal cortex; rPRG, right pregenual cingulate.

personality trait	marker	tracer	n	region	r	publication
neuroticism (NEO-PI-R)	5-HTT	DASB	31	thalamus	+	Takano et al. [66]
harm avoidance (TCI)	5-HTT	DASB	19		n.s.	Reimold et al. [67]
harm avoidance (TCI)	5-HTT	MADAM	22		n.s.	Tuominen et al. [48]
neuroticism (NEO-PI-R)	5-HT1A	WAY	19	DLPFC, PC, OC, ACC	−	Tauscher et al. [19]
harm avoidance (TPQ); neuroticism (EPQ); state anxiety (STAI)	5-HT1A	WAY	49; 44; 22		n.s.	Rabiner et al. [13]
harm avoidance (TCI)	5-HT1A	WAY	15		n.s.	Borg et al. [68]
neuroticism (KSP)	5-HT1A	WAY	34	DLPFC; STG, HC	−	Hirvonen et al. [47]
harm avoidance (TPQ)	5-HT2A	FESP	11	FC, PC	−	Moresco et al. [69]
neuroticism (NEO-PI-R)	5-HT2A	ALT	83	frontolimbic	+	Frokjaer et al. [70]
harm avoidance (TCI)	5-HT2A	ALT	21		n.s.	Soloff et al. [71]
harm avoidance (TCI)	5-HT2A	ALT	27	HC	+	Soloff et al. [72]
dysfunctional attitudes	5-HTT	DASB	20		n.s.	Meyer et al. [73]
life-time aggression (BGLHA)	5-HT1A	WAY	25	FC, raphe	−	Parsey et al. [74]
questionnaire for measuring factors of aggression	5-HT1A	WAY	36	ACC	+	Witte et al. [17]
life-time aggression (BGLHA)	5-HT2A	ALT	21		n.s.	Soloff et al. [71]
trait aggression (BPAQ); trait impulsivity (BIS-11); angry hostility (NEO-PI-R)	5-HT2A	ALT	94		n.s.	da Cunha-Bang et al. [75]
trait aggression (BPAQ); trait impulsivity (BIS-11)	5-HT4	SB	47 males (n.s. in females)	whole brain	+	da Cunha-Bang et al. [76]
openness (NEO-PI-R)	5-HTT	DASB	50	midbrain, putamen, thalamus	−	Kalbitzer et al. [77]
self-transcendence/spiritual acceptance (TCI)	5-HTT	DASB	16	raphe	−	Kim et al. [78]
self-transcendence/spiritual acceptance (TCI)	5-HT1A	WAY	15	neocortex, HC, raphe	−	Borg et al. [68]
self-transcendence/spiritual acceptance (TCI)	5-HT1A	WAY	20		n.s.	Karlsson et al. [79]
reward dependence (TCI)	5-HT2A	SET	24	ACC, OFC	−	Gerretsen et al. [80]
reward dependence (TCI)	5-HT2A	ALT	21		n.s.	Soloff et al. [71]
reward dependence (TCI)	5-HT2A	ALT	27	rPRG	+	Soloff et al. [72]
straightforwardness, trust; low tolerance of unfairness (NEO-PI-R; UG)	5-HTT	DASB	20	midbrain	−	Takahashi et al. [81]