Figure 5.

(a) FESEM micrographs of the fabricated Pd-Fe₂O₃-NS (with the inset showing a single GNS with the encapsulated Pd nanoparticle in its centre), (b) Pd-Fe₂O₃-NS FESEM micrograph at higher resolution, (c) and (d) TEM micrographs of the Pd-Fe₂O₃-NS with the encapsulated Pd nanoparticles in it (marked with white arrows) (c’) Inset displays the magnified open end of the Pd-Fe₂O₃-NS (marked with rectangular box), (e) TEM micrograph of a edge of Pd-Fe₂O₃-NS which shows the presence of multiple layer of graphene sheets rolled (marked with black arrows) with the Pd nanoparticles (marked in white arrows) encapsulated in its core and surface. (f) HRTEM micrographs of Pd-Fe₂O₃-NS illustrating the presence of lattice fringes of Pd nanoparticles and graphene, (g) and (h) FESEM-EDX line-spectra of the selected region (marked in black line) showing the distribution of the Pd and Fe elements on the Pd-Fe₂O₃-NS and (i) compositional analysis of the elements in the Pd-Fe₂O₃-NS.