Table 1. Rates of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection from selected studies that screened newborns using virus culture or polymerase chain reaction to detect CMV in saliva, urine, or dried blood spots.
| Study | Socioeconomic
status |
Method | Number | CMV infections,
number (percentage) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hamilton, ON,
Canada, 1973–1976 14 |
Mixed | Urine, VC | 15,212 | 64 (0.42) |
| Malmo, Sweden,
1977–1986 9 |
Mixed | Urine, VC | 16,474 | 76 (0.46) |
| Sapporo, Japan,
1977–2002 17 |
Mixed | Urine, VC | 11,938 | 37 (0.30) |
| Birmingham, USA,
1978–1984 20 |
Middle/upper | Urine, VC | 8,545 | 47 (0.55) |
| London, UK,
1979–1982 18 |
Mixed | Saliva, VC | 14,200 | 42 (0.30) |
| Birmingham, USA,
1980–1990 13 |
Lower | Urine, VC | 17,163 | 215 (1.25) |
| Brussels, Belgium,
1996–1998 12 |
Mixed | Urine, VC | 3,075 | 15 (0.49) |
| Sao Paulo, Brazil,
2003–2007 16 |
Lower | Urine or
saliva, PCR |
8,047 | 87 (1.08) |
| Eight US cities,
2008–2009 11 |
Mixed | Saliva,
PCR and rapid VC |
34,989 | 177 (0.51) |
| Israel, 2011–2012 10 | Mixed | Saliva,
PCR |
9,845 | 48 (0.57) |
| Turkey, 2013–2014 19 | Mixed | Saliva,
PCR |
944 | 18 (1.91) |
| Paris, 2013–2015 15 | Mixed | Saliva,
PCR |
11,715 | 44 (0.37) |
PCR, polymerase chain reaction; VC, virus culture.