Figure 2.
Electrochemical performance. (a) Self-discharge behavior of Li–S batteries with APP and PVDF binders. Charge/discharge voltage profiles of the (b) S-APP and (c) S-PVDF electrodes at various rates. (d) Comparison of the potential polarization between the charge and discharge plateaus at different current densities. (e) Nyquist plots of the S-APP and S-PVDF electrodes at open circuit before cycling at room temperature. (f) Long-term cycling stability and Coulombic efficiency of the S-APP and S-PVDF electrodes at 0.5 C for 400 cycles after the rate capability test. (g) High plateau and (h) low plateau capacity for S-APP and S-PVDF electrodes obtained from panel f.