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. 2018 Mar 1;13(3):e0193736. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193736

Table 2. Mechanical properties of the portal placement procedure*.

Puncture Force (N) Stiffness (N/m)
Mean (±Std.) 66.46 (±10.76) 2560.82 (±252.92)
Range of in vivo data 43.08–79.58 2301.04–2889.70

* One patient data (Patient 4 in S1 Table) was excluded in calculation of mean (±Std.) and range of in vivo data since clear evidence of frozen shoulder (severe synovitis) was found in the arthroscopic image.