(A) The fraction of cells reactivated, fon, as a function of the fold-increase, ϕHDACi, in the rate of HIV-1 transcription, predicted using our stochastic simulations (Methods). Representative realizations showing the time-evolution of protein copy numbers in activated (purple) and latent (grey) cells with (B) ϕHDACi = 1.24 yielding fon = 0.066 and (C) ϕHDACi = 1.36 yielding fon = 0.0825. The remaining parameters are in Table 1. Dose-response curves for (D) VPA, (E) NaBut, and (F) TSA, obtained by mapping ϕHDACi to the dosage [D] (symbols) that yield the measured fon [33] (Insets). The best-fits of the Hill equation (Eq (22)) (solid line) and the 95% confidence interval (dashed lines) are also shown. The best-fit parameter estimates are (D) ϕ0 = 0.57 ± 0.08, ϕM = 1.4 ± 0.5 mM (R2 = 0.98); (E) ϕ0 = 1.35 ± 0.08, ϕM = 1.1 ± 0.2 mM (R2 = 0.99); and (F) ϕ0 = 2.3 ± 0.4, ϕM = 300 ± 100 nM (R2 = 0.99).