Table 1.

Distribution of bioactive compounds in pteridophytes

No.	Pteridophyte	Bioactive compounds	Source(s)
1	Pteris multifida	Luteolin-7-O-glucoside, 16-hydroxy-kaurane-2-β-D-glucoside, luteolin, palmitic acid, apigenin4-O-α-L-rhamnoside, quercetin, hyperin, isoquercitrin, kaempferol, rutin, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, and pterosin	Murakami and Machashi, 1985; Lu et al., 1999; Liu and Qin, 2002; Qin et al., 2006; Wang et al., 2010; Shu et al., 2012; Hoang and Tran, 2014
2	Pteris tripartita	α-Caryophyllene and octadecanoic acid	Baskaran and Jeyachandran, 2010
3	Abacopteris penangiana	Flavan-4-ol, glycosides, and abacopterins	Zhao et al., 2007
4	Pteridium aquilinum	p-Coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, kaempferol, quercetin, and apigenin	Michael and Gillian, 1984
5	Selaginella sp.	Amentoflavone, robustaflavone, biapigenin, hinokiflavone, podocarpusflavone A, and ginkgetin	Ma et al., 2001; Shi et al., 2008; Liu et al., 2011; Li S et al., 2014
6	Equisetum arvense	Isoquercetin, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-(6''-O-malonylglucoside), 5-O-caffeoyl meso-tartaric acid, monocaffeoyl meso-tartaris acid, monocaffeoyl meso-tartaris acid, di-E-caffeoyl-meso-tartaric acid, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, cis-geranyl scetone, thymol, and trans-phytol	Radulovic et al., 2006; Milovanovic et al., 2007; Mimica et al., 2008
7	Polypodium leucotomos	4-Hydroxycinnamic acid (p-coumaric), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (ferulic), 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid (caffeic), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and 3-caffeoilquinic acid (chlorogenic)	Gombau et al., 2006
8	Adiantum capillus-veneris	Adiantone, adiantoxide, astragalin, β-sitosterol, caffeic acids, caffeylgalactose, caffeylglucose, campesterol, carotenes, coumaric acids, coumarylglucoses, diplopterol, epoxyfilicane, fernadiene, fernene, filicanes, hopanone, hydroxy-adiantone, hydroxy-cinnamic acid, isoadiantone, isoquercetin, kaempferols, lutein, mutatoxanthin, naringin, neoxanthin, nicotiflorin, oleananes, populnin, procyanidin, prodelphinidin, quercetins, querciturone, quinic acid, rhodoxanthin, rutin, shikimic acid, violaxanthin, and zeaxanthin	Taylor, 2003
9	Dryopteris crassirhizoma	Flaspidic acid PB and flavaspidic acid AB	Lee et al., 2003
10	Cyathea gigantea	β-Sitosterol	Woyengo, 2009
11	Cibotium barometz	Pterosins, terpenoids, sterides, flavones, glucosides, aromatic, and pyrone compounds	Wu et al., 2007; Xu et al., 2012
12	Cyathea phalerata	Kaempferol-3-neohesperidoside, 4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl caffeic acid, 4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl p-coumaric acid, 3,4-spyroglucopyranosyl protocatechuic acid, sitosterol β-D-glucoside, β-sitosterol, kaempferol, and vitexin	Hort et al., 2008
13	Pteris vittata	Rutin, kaempferol monoglycoside, kaempferol diglycoside, quercetin monoglycoside, and quercetin diglycoside	Salatino and Prado, 1998; Singh et al., 2008b
14	Polypodium leucotomos	3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, 4-hydroxycinnamoyl-quinic acid, and ferulic acid	Garcia et al., 2006
15	Angiopteris evecta	Angiopterioside	Twentyman et al., 1989
16	Onoclea sensibilis	Kaempferol and quercetin	Harada and Saiki, 1955
17	Matteuccia struthiopteris	Kaempferol and quercetin
18	Equisetum ramoissimum	Apigenin and luteolin
19	Lycopodium japonicum	Lycopodine-type alkaloids	He et al., 2014
20	Lycopodium sieboldii	Sieboldine A	Hirasawa et al., 2003
21	Lycopodium casuarinoides	Huperzine B and N-demethylhuperzinine	Shen and Chen, 1994
22	Selaginella tamariscina	Caffeic acid, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, adenosine, umbelliferone, and amentoflavone	Bi et al., 2004; Zheng et al., 2004; Woo et al., 2005
23	Selaginella moellendorfii	Moellenoside B and selaginellic acid	Wang et al., 2009b; Feng et al., 2011
24	Selaginella doederleinii	Apigenin and hordenine	Chao et al., 1987; Chen et al., 1995
25	Dicranopteris linearis	Afzelin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, astragarin, rutin, kaempferol 3-O-(4-O-p-coumaroyl-3-O-α-lrhamnopyranosyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside, and (6S,13S)-6-[6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy]-13-[α-lrhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-fucopyranosyloxy]cleroda-3,14-diene	Raja et al., 1995; Zakaria et al., 2008
26	Psilotum nudum	Quercetin, kaempferol, amentoflavone, hinokiflavone, vicenin-2 psilotin, and 3'-hydroxypsilotin	Cambie and Ash, 1994
27	Huperzia selago	Huperzine A	Staerk et al., 2004
28	Huperzia serrata	Alkaloids: huperzine A and B	Liu et al., 1986
29	Pityrogramma tartarea	2'6'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxydihydrochalcone, kaempferol 7-methyl ether, and apigenin 7-methyl ether	Star and Mabry, 1971
30	Pityrogramma calomelanos
31	Cheilanthes concolor	7-O-Glycosides of apigenin, aglycone, 7-O-glycosides of luteolin, 7-O-glycosides of chrysoeriol, 3-O-glycosides of kaempferol, 3-O-glycosides of kaempferol, and 3-O-glycosides of quercetin	Salatino and Prado, 1998
32	Cheilanthes flexuosa
33	Cheilanthes goyazensis
34	Doryopteris ornithopus
35	Pellaea cymbiformis
36	Pellaea gleichenioides
37	Pellaea pinnata
38	Pellaea riedelii
39	Pteris altissima
40	Pteris angustata
41	Pteris decurrens
42	Pteris deflexa
43	Pteris denticulata
44	Pteris plumula
45	Pteris podophylla
46	Pteris splendens
47	Pteris propinqua
48	Cyrtomium fortunei	Protocate chaldehyde, woodwardinsaure methylester, physcion, pimpinellin, ursolic acid, sitost-4-en-3-one, betulin, 3',4',5-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone, woodwardinic acid, sutchuenoside A, kaempferol-3,7-O-α-L-dirhamnoside, (−)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin hydrate kaempferol, crassirhizomoside A, and kaempferol-3-O-(3-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranoside	Yang et al., 2013