Table 4.

Antidiabetic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activity of pteridophytes

Medicinal use	No.	Plant name	Family name	Methods used	Source(s)
Antiviral activity	1	Hemionitis arifolia	Pteridaceae	In vivo glucose tolerance test and alloxan-induced diabetic rats; in vivo glucose tolerance test in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats; traditional Indian medicine	Ajikumaran Nair et al., 2006; Kumudhavalli and Jaykar, 2012; Santhosh et al., 2014
	2	Christella dentata	Thelypteridaceae	In vivo glucose tolerance test	Paul et al., 2012; Tanzin et al., 2013; Sultana et al., 2014
	3	Adiantum philippense	Pteridaceae	In vivo study in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
	4	Angiopteris evecta	Marattiaceae	In vivo glucose tolerance test
	5	Adiantum capillus-veneris	Pteridaceae	Traditional Indian medicine; traditional medicine in Amazon; in vivo glucose tolerance test	Jain and Sharma, 1967; Taylor, 2003; Santhosh et al., 2014; Neef et al., 1995
	6	Angiopteris evecta	Marattiaceae	In vivo glucose tolerance test	Miao et al., 1996; Nguyen, 2005
	7	Selaginella tamarascina	Selaginellaceae	In vivo study in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
	8	Asplenium polyodon	Aspleniaceae	Traditional Indian medicine	Singh, 1999; Chand Basha et al., 2013; Santhosh et al., 2014
	9	Asplenium nidus	Aspleniaceae
	10	Adiantum capillus-veneris	Pteridaceae
	11	Ophioglossum gramineum	Ophioglossaceae
	12	Hemionitis arifolia	Pteridaceae
	13	Actiniopteris radiata	Pteridaceae	In vitro chromogenic DNSA method
	14	Blechnum orientale	Blechnaceae	In vitro antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and murine leukemia virus	Tsai and Hwang, 1999
	15	Woodwardia orientalis	Blechnaceae
	16	Woodwardia unigemmata	Blechnaceae
	17	Athyrium acrostichoides	Athyriaceae
	18	Sphaeropteris lepifera	Cyatheaceae
	19	Cyrtomium fortunei	Dryopteridaceae
	20	Dryopteris crassirhizoma	Dryopteridaceae
	21	Osmunda japonica	Osmundaceae
	22	Lygodium flexuosum	Lygodiaceae	Traditional Indian medicine	Dhiman, 1998
	23	Lygodium japonicum	Lygodiaceae	In vitro antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus, Sindbis virus, and polio virus	Taylor et al., 1996
	24	Asplenium adiantum-negrum	Aspleniaceae	Traditional Indian medicine	Vasudeva, 1999
	25	Microsorum membranifolium	Polypodiaceae	Traditional Fijian medicine	Cambie and Ash, 1994
	26	Pyrrosia lingua	Polypodiaceae	In vitro antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus	Zheng, 1990
	27	Trichomanes reniforme	Hymenophyllaceae	In vitro antiviral activity against HIV	Guha et al., 1996
	28	Pteris glycyrrhiza	Pteridaceae	In vitro antiviral activity against bovine herpesvirus type	McCutcheon et al., 1995
	29	Polypodium vulgare	Pteridaceae		Husson et al., 1986
	30	Polypodium aureum	Pteridaceae
Antiviral activity	31	Athyrium niponicum	Athyriaceae	In vitro antiviral activity
	32	Selaginella uncinata	Selaginellaceae	In vitro antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza type 3 virus
Anti-inflammatory activity	33	Microsorum grossum	Polypodiaceae	Traditional herbal medicine
	34	Drynaria quercifolia	Polypodiaceae	Traditional Indian medicine
	35	Microsorum scolopendria	Polypodiaceae	Traditional herbal medicine in Tonga
	36	Polypodium leucotomos	Polypodiaceae	Traditional herbal medicine in Bolivia
	37	Ophioglossum vulgatum	Ophioglossaceae	Traditional Indian medicine
	38	Lygodium flexuosum	Lygodiaceae
	39	Adiantum venustum	Pteridaceae
	40	Adiantum caudatum	Pteridaceae	Traditional medicine in Malay Peninsula
	41	Cheilanthes farinosa	Pteridaceae	In vivo anti-inflammatory activity
	42	Pteris ensiformis	Pteridaceae	In vitro anti-inflammatory activity
	43	Christella parasitica	Thelypteridaceae	Traditional Indian medicine
	44	Huperzia serrata	Huperziaceae	Traditional Chinese medicine
	45	Selaginella tamarascina	Selaginellaceae	In vitro anti-inflammatory activity
	46	Selaginella bryopteris	Selaginellaceae	Traditional Indian medicine
	47	Dryopteris sp	Dryopteridaceae	In vivo Carrageenan induced paw oedema method
	48	Blechnum occidentale	Blechnaceae
	49	Alsophila gigantea	Cyatheaceae	Traditional Indian medicine
	50	Cyathea gigantea	Cyatheaceae	In vivo anti-inflammatory activity
	51	Phlebodium decumanum	Polypodiaceae	In vitro anti-inflammatory activity
	52	Phyllitis scolopendrium	Aspleniaceae	Traditional herbal medicine
	53	Dicranopteris linearis	Gleicheniaceae	In vitro anti-inflammatory activity
Wound healing activity	54	Selaginella delicatula	Selaginellaceae	Traditional Indian medicine
	55	Dicranopteris linearis	Gleicheniaceae
	56	Davallia solida	Davalliaceae	Traditional medicine in Hawaii
	57	Polystichum pungens	Dryopteridaceae	Traditional medicine in South Africa
	58	Angiopteris evecta	Marattiaceae	Traditional medicine in Fijian
	59	Nephrolepis cordifolia	Nephrolepidaceae	Traditional Indian medicine
	60	Ophioglossum reticulatum	Ophioglossaceae
	61	Thelypteris arida	Thelypteridaceae
	62	Phyllitis scolopendrium	Aspleniaceae	In vivo method
	63	Pityrogramma calomelanos	Pteridaceae	Traditional medicine
	64	Polypodium ssp.	Polypodiaceae	In vitro assay using platelet activating factor and leukotriene B(4)