Fig. 1. Intraperitoneal injection of M1 protects against GalN/LPS-induced fulminant hepatitis.

a The chemical structure of M1. b C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneal injected with 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg M1 every 8 h one time for three times. GalN (400 mg/kg)/LPS (10 μg/kg) were then injected at 1 h after the last administration. The mortality rates were observed at various time points within 48 h (n = 10). C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneal injected either with vehicle, 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg M1 every 8 h one time for three times. Blood and liver tissues were collected at 4 h after saline or GalN/LPS treatment. c, d Serum ALT, AST, and HMGB1 levels were assayed (n = 8). e Visibly different damaged livers and H&E staining analysis of liver sections are shown. Scale bars: 50 μm. Each value is mean ± S.E.M. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001