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. 2018 Feb 13;9(2):218. doi: 10.1038/s41419-018-0323-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a The cell morphology of hUCMSCs (passage 3) was observed under a light microscope (magnification, ×100). b Representative images of osteocyte (×100), adipocyte (×400), and chondrocyte (×200) differentiation of hUCMSCs cultured in the differentiation media. The cells were analyzed using cytochemical staining with Alizarin Red (i), Oil red O (ii), and Alcian Blue (iii), respectively. c Flow cytometric analysis of the expression of cell surface markers related to MSCs. d Transmission electron microscopic images of hUCMSC-EVs. The scale bars indicate 200 nm, and the arrows indicate typical hUCMSC-EVs. e The size distribution of the hUCMSC-EVs was examined using a Zetasizer Nano ZS. f The positive marker for EVs, CD63, was detected in hUCMSC-EVs using western blotting, whereas the negative marker calreticulin was not detected