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. 2018 Feb 19;9(3):285. doi: 10.1038/s41419-017-0171-8

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a and b Immunohistochemical analyses of cAMP (green), activated Bax (yellow), and caspase-3 (green) as well as GFAP (red) immunoreactivity in the ONH astrocytes in the glial lamina of age-matched non-glaucomatous DBA/2J-Gpnmb⁺ and 10-month-old glaucomatous DBA/2 J mice. Note that representative images showed increases of cAMP, activated Bax, and caspase-3 immunoreactivity in astrocytes of the glial lamina in glaucomatous DBA/2 J mice compared with non-glaucomatous DBA/2J-Gpnmb⁺. Nuclei were stained with Hoechst 33342. Scale bar, 20 μm. c Quantitative analysis showed significant increases of cAMP and GFAP, as well as activated Bax and caspase-3 immunoreactivity in glaucomatous DBA/2 J mice. For each determination, the immunoreactivity in controls was normalized to a value of 1.0. Data are shown as the mean ± S.D. (n = 5). *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001 (two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test)