Table 2. Estimates of the Difference in Rates of Annualized or Accelerated Cognitive Test Score Change, by Biomarker Group Relative to Aβ−/ND− Groupa,b,c.
| Cognitive Outcome | Group × Time Interaction: Difference in Rates of Change (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aβ+/ND−
(n = 32) |
P Value | Aβ−/ND+
(n = 35) |
P Value | Aβ+/ND+
(n = 66) |
P Value | |
| Memory | ||||||
| CVLT sum of learning trials (No. of words)a | −0.0620 (−0.1260 to 0.0020) |
.06 | 0.0019 (−0.0598 to 0.0636) |
.95 | −0.0908 (−0.1452 to −0.0364) |
.001 |
| CVLT delayed recall (No. of words)a | −0.0203 (−0.0395 to −0.0011) |
.04 | 0.0011 (−0.0176 to 0.0198) |
.91 | −0.0306 (−0.0469 to −0.0142) |
<.001 |
| R-O figure immediate recall (24 points) | −0.3513 (−0.5269 to −0.1756) |
<.001 | −0.3007 (−0.4736 to −0.1279) |
<.001 | −0.4621 (−0.6119 to −0.3124) |
<.001 |
| R-O figure delayed recall (24 points) | −0.3341 (−0.5170 to −0.1512) |
<.001 | −0.2896 (−0.4661 to −0.1131) |
.001 | −0.4513 (−0.6070 to −0.2956) |
<.001 |
| Executive functions | ||||||
| Trails B (log seconds) | 0.0158 (0.0013 to 0.0303) |
.03 | 0.0074 (−0.0068 to 0.0216) |
.31 | 0.0254 (0.0131 to 0.0378) |
<.001 |
| Stroop color-word interference (No. of items) | −0.5026 (−1.4292 to 0.4240) |
.29 | −0.6985 (−1.5925 to 0.1955) |
.13 | −1.1773 (−1.9616 to −0.3929) |
.003 |
| Visual-spatial reasoning | ||||||
| Block Design (24 points) | −0.1093 (−0.2407 to 0.0221) |
.10 | −0.0829 (−0.2128 to 0.04706) |
.21 | −0.1665 (−0.2789 to −0.0540) |
.004 |
| R-O figure copy (24 points) | −0.0922 (−0.2081 to 0.0238) |
.12 | −0.0698 (−0.1836 to 0.0440) |
.23 | −0.1347 (−0.2337 to −0.0357) |
.008 |
| Language | ||||||
| Semantic fluency (No. of words) | −0.1934 (−0.3520 to −0.0348) |
.02 | −0.0523 (−0.2095 to 0.1048) |
.51 | −0.2619 (−0.3971 to −0.1266) |
<.001 |
| Phonemic fluency (No. of words) | −0.0922 (−0.3640 to 0.1795) |
.51 | −0.1349 (−0.4024 to 0.1326) |
.32 | −0.1437 (−0.3747 to 0.0873) |
.22 |
| Boston Naming Test (30 points)a | −0.0218 (−0.0405 to −0.0031) |
.02 | −0.0031 (−0.0214 to 0.0152) |
.74 | −0.0306 (−0.0467 to −0.0146) |
<.001 |
| Attention and psychomotor speed | ||||||
| Trails A (log seconds) | 0.0096 (−0.0026 to 0.0217) |
.12 | 0.0012 (−0.0108 to 0.0131) |
.85 | 0.0159 (0.0056 to 0.0262) |
.003 |
| Stroop word reading (No. of words) | 0.6834 (−0.9779 to 2.3447) |
.41 | 0.0977 (−1.5281 to 1.7235) |
.91 | −0.7297 (−2.1529 to 0.6935) |
.32 |
Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid β; CVLT, California Verbal Learning Test; ND, neurodegeneration; R-O, Rey-Osterrieth.
a
For 3 neuropsychological test outcomes (CVLT learning trials, CVLT delayed recall, and Boston Naming Test), estimates are from the Time2 × group interaction term.
b
Estimates adjusted for age, sex, and years of education.
c
Negative estimates indicate steeper decline compared to the reference group except for Trails A and B, for which positive estimates indicate declining performance over time.