Table 3. Estimates of the Difference in Rates of Annualized or Accelerated Cognitive Test Score Change, by Biomarker Group Relative to the Aβ−/ND− Group in Participants With Normal Cognition at Neuroimaginga,b,c.
| Cognitive Outcome | Group × Time Interaction: Difference in Rates of Change (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aβ+/ND− (n = 26) |
P Value | Aβ−/ND+ (n = 28) |
P Value | Aβ+/ND+ (n = 48) |
P Value | |
| Memory | ||||||
| CVLT sum of learning trials (No. of words)a | −0.0756 (−0.1324 to −0.0188) |
.009 | 0.0122 (−0.0411 to 0.0656) |
.65 | −0.1003 (−0.1490 to −0.0515) |
<.001 |
| CVLT delayed recall (No. of words)a | −0.0219 (−0.0382 to −0.0056) |
.008 | 0.0066 (−0.0087 to 0.0219) |
.40 | −0.0305 (−0.0445 to −0.0165) |
<.001 |
| R-O figure immediate recall (24 points) | −0.3159 (−0.4838 to −0.1481) |
<.001 | −0.2230 (−0.3872 to −0.0588) |
.008 | −0.3604 (−0.5056 to −0.2153) |
<.001 |
| R-O figure delayed recall (24 points) | −0.2951 (−0.4784 to −0.1119) |
.002 | −0.2308 (−0.4070 to −0.0546) |
.01 | −0.3459 (−0.5052 to −0.1867) |
<.001 |
| Executive functions | ||||||
| Trails B (log seconds) | 0.0159 (0.0012 to 0.0307) |
.04 | 0.0048 (−0.0096 to 0.0191) |
.51 | 0.0217 (0.0089 to 0.0345) |
<.001 |
| Stroop color-word interference (No. of items) | −0.2083 (−1.1853 to 0.7687) |
.68 | −0.4867 (−1.4259 to 0.4525) |
.31 | −0.9495 (−1.7859 to −0.1130) |
.03 |
| Visual-spatial reasoning | ||||||
| Block Design (24 points) | −0.0432 (−0.1824 to 0.0960) |
.54 | −0.0278 (−0.1635 to 0.1079) |
.69 | −0.1455 (−0.2666 to −0.0244) |
.02 |
| R-O figure copy (24 points) | −0.0721 (−0.1915 to 0.0474) |
.24 | −0.0570 (−0.1738 to 0.05970) |
.34 | −0.0920 (−0.1954 to 0.0114) |
.08 |
| Language | ||||||
| Semantic fluency (No. of words)a | −0.0256 (−0.0506 to −0.0007) |
.04 | −0.0221 (−0.0456 to 0.0014) |
.07 | −0.0291 (−0.0505 to −0.0076) |
.008 |
| Phonemic fluency (No. of words) | −0.1295 (−0.4156 to 0.1565) |
.38 | −0.0930 (−0.3723 to 0.1863) |
.51 | −0.0766 (−0.3229 to 0.1698) |
.54 |
| Boston Naming Test (30 points)a | −0.0134 (−0.0284 to 0.0017) |
.08 | 0.0011 (−0.0130 to 0.0153) |
.88 | −0.0271 (−0.0402 to −0.0141) |
<.001 |
| Attention and psychomotor speed | ||||||
| Trails A (log seconds) | 0.0101 (−0.0020 to 0.0221) |
.10 | 0.0026 (−0.0091 to 0.0144) |
.66 | 0.0138 (0.0034 to 0.0243) |
.009 |
| Stroop word reading (No. of words) | 1.0568 (−0.7555 to 2.8691) |
.25 | 0.1213 (−1.6351 to 1.8777) |
.89 | −0.4097 (−1.9861 to 1.1666) |
.61 |
Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid β; CVLT, California Verbal Learning Test; ND, neurodegeneration; R-O, Rey-Osterrieth.
a
For 4 neuropsychological test outcomes (CVLT learning trials, CVLT delayed recall, semantic fluency, and Boston Naming Test), estimates are from the Time2 × group interaction term.
b
Estimates adjusted for age, sex, and educational level.
c
Negative estimates indicate steeper decline compared to the reference group except for Trails A and B, for which positive estimates indicate declining performance over time.