. 2018 Jan 16;319(3):279–290. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.20513

Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of the Bariatric Surgery Patients and Matched Nonsurgical Patients.

	Laparoscopic Banding		Gastric Bypass		Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy		Total
	Surgical Patients (n = 3635)	Nonsurgical Patients (n = 10 905)	Surgical Patients (n = 1388)	Nonsurgical Patients (n = 4164)	Surgical Patients (n = 3362)	Nonsurgical Patients (n = 10 086)	Surgical Patients (n = 8385)	Nonsurgical Patients (n = 25 155)
Duration of follow-up, median (IQR) [range], y	6.2 (4.3-8.5)^a [0.6-11]	5.7 (3.7-8.2)^a [0.1-11]	5.5 (3.0-6.7)^a [0.1-10.7]	4.8 (2.6-6.6)^a [0.1-10.7]	3.2 (2.2-4.1)^a [0.1-5.6]	3.0 (2.0-4.0)^a [0.1-5.6]	4.3 (2.8-6.6) [0.1-11]	4.0 (2.6-6.2) [0.1-11]
Age, median (IQR), y	45 (35-53)	45 (35-53)	48 (39-55)	48 (39-55)	47 (37-55)	47 (38-55)	46 (37-54)	46 (37-54)
Sex, No. (%)
Men	1197 (32.9)	3591 (32.9)	448 (32.3)	1344 (32.3)	1250 (37.2)	3750 (37.2)	2895 (34.5)	8685 (34.5)
Women	2438 (67.1)	7314 (67.1)	940 (67.7)	2820 (67.7)	2112 (62.8)	6336 (62.8)	5490 (65.5)	16 470 (65.5)
SES, No. (%)^b^,^c
Low	847 (23.4)^a	4283 (39.4)^a	376 (27.2)^a	1680 (40.5)^a	986 (29.4)^a	4128 (41.0)^a	2209 (26.4)^a	10 091 (40.2)^a
Medium	1705 (47.2)^a	4103 (37.7)^a	610 (44.1)^a	1538 (37.0)^a	1397 (41.6)^a	3759 (37.4)^a	3712 (44.4)^a	9400 (37.5)^a
High	1064 (29.4)^a	2484 (22.9)^a	397 (28.7)^a	934 (22.5)^a	972 (29.0)^a	2174 (21.6)^a	2433 (29.1)^a	5592 (22.3)^a
Population sector, No. (%)^b
Jewish	3166 (87.1)^a	7470 (68.5)^a	1092 (78.7)^a	2763 (66.4)^a	2521 (75.0)^a	6569 (65.1)^a	6779 (80.8)	16 802 (66.8)
Non-Jewish	469 (12.9)	3435 (31.5)	296 (21.3)	1401 (33.6)	841 (25.0)^a	3517 (34.9)^a	1606 (19.2)	8353 (33.2)
Immigrant status, No. (%)
Born in Israel	2642 (72.7)^a	8275 (75.9)^a	1037 (74.7)	3118 (74.9)	2643 (78.6)	7786 (77.2)	6322 (75.4)	19 179 (76.2)
Immigrant	993 (27.3)	2630 (24.1)	351 (25.3)	1046 (25.1)	719 (21.4)	2300 (22.8)	2063 (24.6)	5976 (23.8)
Diabetes, No. (%)
Diagnosis^d	767 (21.1)	2301 (21.1)	524 (37.8)	1572 (37.8)	1100 (32.7)	3300 (32.7)	2391 (28.5)	7173 (28.5)
Duration, median (IQR), y	3.6 (1.3-6.4)	4.0 (1.9-6.5)	6.2 (2.7-9.0)	5.0 (2.3-7.5)	5.9 (1.9-9.5)	5.4 (2.3-8.9)	4.9 (1.8-8.5)	4.7 (2.2-7.9)
Hyperlipidemia, No. (%)^d	1673 (46.0)^a	4669 (42.8)^a	843 (60.7)^a	2246 (53.9)^a	1916 (57.0)^a	5334 (52.9)^a	4432 (52.9)^a	12 249 (48.7)^a
Hypertension, No. (%)^d	1400 (38.5)^a	4424 (40.6)^a	712 (51.3)^a	1960 (47.1)^a	1609 (47.9)^a	4280 (42.4)^a	3721 (44.4)^a	10 664 (42.4)^a
CVD diagnosis, No. (%)^d	341 (9.4)	966 (8.9)	210 (15.1)^a	507 (12.2)^a	439 (13.1)	1193 (11.8)	990 (11.8)^a	2666 (10.6)^a
Myocardial infarction	115 (3.2)	328 (3.0)	68 (4.9)	179 (4.3)	135 (4.0)	388 (3.8)	318 (3.8)	895 (3.6)
Unstable angina	88 (2.4)	219 (2.0)	53 (3.8)	128 (3.1)	127 (3.8)	287 (2.8)	268 (3.2)^a	634 (2.5)^a
Angioplasty	97 (2.7)	260 (2.4)	64 (4.6)	157 (3.8)	160 (4.8)	356 (3.5)	321 (3.8)^a	773 (3.1)^a
Coronary artery bypass graft	28 (0.8)	105 (1.0)	15 (1.1)	61 (1.5)	35 (1.0)	122 (1.2)	78 (0.9)	288 (1.1)
Stable angina	102 (2.8)	258 (2.4)	68 (4.9)^a	149 (3.6)^a	119 (3.5)	349 (3.5)	289 (3.4)	756 (3.0)
Ischemic stroke	93 (2.6)	281 (2.6)	46 (3.3)	134 (3.2)	109 (3.2)	346 (3.4)	248 (3.0)	761 (3.0)
Lower leg amputation, No. (%)s^d	14 (0.4)	27 (0.2)	6 (0.4)	23 (0.6)	17 (0.5)	47 (0.5)	37 (0.4)	97 (0.4)
Body mass index, No. (%)
>30-35	208 (5.7)	624 (5.7)	102 (7.3)	306 (7.3)	153 (4.6)	459 (4.6)	463 (5.5)	1389 (5.5)
>35-40	1179 (32.4)	3537 (32.4)	474 (34.1)	1422 (34.1)	1289 (38.3)	3867 (38.3)	2942 (35.1)	8826 (35.1)
>40-45	1555 (42.8)	4665 (42.8)	529 (38.1)	1587 (38.1)	1334 (39.7)	4002 (39.7)	3418 (40.8)	10 254 (40.8)
>45-50	470 (12.9)	1410 (12.9)	190 (13.7)	570 (13.7)	408 (12.1)	1224 (12.1)	1068 (12.7)	3204 (12.7)
>50	223 (6.1)	669 (6.1)	93 (6.7)	279 (6.7)	178 (5.3)	534 (5.3)	494 (5.9)	1482 (5.9)
Median (IQR)	40.6 (38.8-43.7)	40.8 (37.1-43.8)	40.6 (38.4-44.0)	40.5 (37.0-43.7)	40.5 (38.3-43.5)	40.4 (36.8-43.2)	40.6 (38.5-43.7)	40.5 (37.0-43.5)
Smoking status, No. (%)^e
Nonsmoker	1755 (58.0)^a	6067 (68.4)^a	807 (59.3)^a	2849 (70.3)^a	1967 (58.5)^a	6652 (66.1)^a	4529 (58.5)^a	15 568 (67.7)^a
Former	470 (15.5)^a	926 (10.4)^a	281 (20.6)^a	505 (12.5)^a	702 (20.9)^a	1434 (14.2)^a	1453 (18.8)^a	2865 (12.5)^a
Current	800 (26.4)^a	1881 (21.2)^a	274 (20.1)^a	700 (17.3)^a	691 (20.6)^a	1981 (19.7)^a	1765 (22.8)^a	4562 (19.8)^a
HbA_1c, median (IQR), %^f	6.2 (5.7-7.3)^a	6.2 (5.7-7.3)^a	6.4 (5.8-7.9)	6.7 (5.9-7.9)	6.2 (5.7-7.2)^a	6.4 (5.8-7.5)^a	6.2 (5.7-7.4)^a	6.4 (5.8-7.5)^a
Glucose, median (IQR), mg/dL^g	98.0 (88.0-116.0)	97.0 (88.0-113.0)	105.0 (91.0-136.0)^a	103.0 (91.0-131.0)^a	102.0 (92.0-126.0)^a	101.0 (90.0-121.0)^a	101.0 (90.0-122.0)^a	99.0 (89.0-119.0)^a
Total cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL^h	194.0 (37.1)^a	190.4 (36.4)^a	189.8 (38.4)^a	187.1 (37.5)^a	186.7 (37.6)^a	184.7 (36.8)^a	190.4 (37.7)^a	187.5 (36.8)^a
HDL-C, mean (SD), mg/dLⁱ	45.9 (11.8)^a	45.1 (11.2)^a	46.2 (12.1)^a	45.2 (11.1)^a	44.3 (11.1)	44.6 (11.0)	45.3 (11.6)^a	44.9 (11.1)^a
LDL-C, mean (SD), mg/dL^j	115.0 (32.0)^a	113.0 (30.9)^a	112.0 (33.0)^a	109.0 (31.0)^a	109.0 (32.0)	109.0 (32.0)	112.0 (32.0)^a	110.6 (31.4)^a
Triglycerides, median (IQR), mg/dL^k	148.0 (107.0-207.0)^a	141.0 (104.0-195.0)^a	149.0 (106.0-205.0)	145.0 (106.0-199.0)	151.0 (109.0-210.0)^a	144.0 (106.0-196.0)^a	149.0 (108.0-208.0)^a	143.0 (105.0-196.0)^a
Pharmaceutical treatment, No. (%)
Oral hypoglycemics	571 (15.7)	1762 (16.2)	422 (30.4)	1188 (28.5)	879 (26.1)	2480 (24.6)	1872 (22.3)	5430 (21.6)
Injectable therapy for blood glucose lowering^l	163 (4.5)	467 (4.3)	229 (16.5)^a	338 (8.1)^a	389 (11.6)^a	845 (8.4)^a	781 (9.3)^a	1650 (6.6)^a
β-Blocking agents	614 (16.9)	1921 (17.6)	286 (20.6)	871 (20.9)	679 (20.2)^a	1807 (17.9)^a	1579 (18.8)	4599 (18.3)
Calcium channel blockers	412 (11.3)	1220 (11.2)	233 (16.8)^a	580 (13.9)^a	482 (14.3)^a	1219 (12.1)^a	1127 (13.4)^a	3019 (12.0)^a
Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system	920 (25.3)	2858 (26.2)	517 (37.2)	1464 (35.2)	1174 (34.9)^a	3216 (31.9)^a	2611 (31.1)^a	7538 (30.0)^a
Lipid-modifying agents	1094 (30.1)^a	3093 (28.4)^a	605 (43.6)^a	1654 (39.7)^a	1337 (39.8)^a	3794 (37.6)^a	3036 (36.2)^a	8541 (34.0)^a

Abbreviations: HbA_1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IQR, interquartile range; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SES, socioeconomic status.

SI conversion factors: To convert glucose to mmol/L, multiply values by 0.0555, to convert cholesterol to mmol/L, multiply values by 0.0259, to convert triglyceride values to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0113.

^{^a}

Indicates a significant P value of <.05.

^{^b}

Variable was determined at the clinic level in accordance with the designation of each individual’s primary care clinic based on census designations from the Israel Bureau of Statistics.

^{^c}

Data on socioeconomic status, representing tertiles of Clalit Health Service patients, were missing for 31 of the surgical patients and for 72 of the nonsurgical patients (103 in total).

^{^d}

Any time before index date.

^{^e}

Data on smoking status were missing for 638 of the surgical patients and for 2160 of the nonsurgical patients (2798 in total).

^{^f}

Data on HbA_1c level were missing for 63 of the surgical patients with diabetes at index date and for 364 of the nonsurgical patients with diabetes at index date (427 in total).

^{^g}

Data on glucose level were missing for 73 of the surgical patients and for 2053 of the nonsurgical patients (2126 in total).

^{^h}

Data on total-C were missing for 128 of the surgical patients and for 2148 of the nonsurgical patients (2276 in total).

^ⁱ

Data on HDL-C were missing for 164 of the surgical patients and for 2348 of the nonsurgical patients (2512 in total).

^{^j}

Data on LDL-C were missing for 325 of the surgical patients and for 2806 of the nonsurgical patients (3131 in total).

^{^k}

Data on triglycerides were missing for 144 of the surgical patients and for 2219 of the nonsurgical patients (2363 in total).

^{^l}

Insulins and noninsulin.